
यो १५००-३६०० मिटरको उचाइमा पाइन्छ । लहरो धेरै फैलिन्छ, पात काँक्रोसमान, पहेँलो फुल्ने, फल करेलाझैँ भित्र बीज हुन्छ । यो दुर्लभ औषधिको गुण-धर्म : तितो
परिचय
कुरकुरे
काँक्रो (वनकरेला, सुर्की मेटोग (Am)) नेपालको पहाडी तथा हिमाली क्षेत्रमा
पाइने एक औषधीय लहरो
हो। यो Cucurbitaceae परिवारमा पर्छ र यसको
वैज्ञानिक नाम Herpetospermum
pedunculosum हो।
यसको फल करेलाजस्तो देखिन्छ
र स्वाद तीतो हुन्छ। यो
दुर्लभ जडीबुटी मध्ये एक मानिन्छ र
आयुर्वेदिक चिकित्सामा विभिन्न रोगहरूको उपचारका लागि प्रयोग गरिन्छ।
उपलब्धता
नेपालमा: कुरकुरे काँक्रो नेपालको १५०० देखि ३६००
मिटरको उचाइमा पाइन्छ, विशेष गरी हिमाली क्षेत्रहरू
जस्तै मनाङ, मुस्ताङ, डोल्पा, रसुवा, सिन्धुपाल्चोक लगायतका जिल्लामा। यो जंगली रूपमा
उम्रन्छ तर हाल नै
औषधीय महत्त्वको कारण केही स्थानीय
बासीले खेती पनि गर्न
थालेका छन्।
अन्य
देशहरूमा: यो जडीबुटी भारत
(हिमाचल प्रदेश, उत्तराखण्ड, सिक्किम), चीन (तिब्बत), र
भूटान जस्ता हिमाली क्षेत्रहरूमा पनि पाइन्छ। तिब्बती
चिकित्सामा यसलाई "सुर्की मेटोग" भनेर चिनिन्छ र
यसको प्रयोग धेरै पुरानो छ।
शारीरिक विशेषताहरू
- लहरो: यो लहरेदार बुट्यान हो जसले २–५ मिटरसम्म फैलिन सक्छ।
- पात: पातहरू करेलाका पातजस्तै, सेतो वा हल्का हरियो रङ्गका हुन्छन्।
- फूल: पहेँला रङ्गका फूल फुल्छन्, जुन साना घण्टीजस्ता देखिन्छन्।
- फल: फल करेलाजस्तै हुन्छ, भित्र धेरै बीज हुन्छन्। पाकेपछि फल पहेँलो वा रातो हुन्छ।
- बीज: बीजहरू साना, पातलो खोक्रा भएका हुन्छन्।
औषधीय गुणहरू
- स्वाद: तीतो
- स्वभाव: शीतल (ठण्डा तासिर)
- प्रमुख रासायनिक घटकहरू: Flavonoids,
alkaloids, terpenoids, र
antioxidants
चिकित्सकीय फाइदाहरू
कुरकुरे
काँक्रोले निम्न रोगहरूको उपचारमा मद्दत गर्छ:
- पित्त सम्बन्धी रोग: पित्त बढी हुँदा गरिने जलन, मुखको कडवापन, पेट दुख्ने लगायतमा उपयोगी।
- मधुमेह (डायबिटिज): रक्तशर्करा नियन्त्रण गर्न मद्दत गर्छ।
- उच्च रक्तचाप: यसले रक्तचाप कम गर्न सहयोग गर्छ।
- यौनरोग: पुरुषत्व शक्ति बढाउँछ, शुक्राणुको गुणस्तर सुधार्छ।
- छालाका रोग: एक्जिमा, खटिरा, दाद लगायतमा फलको रस लगाइन्छ।
- कृमि नाशक: आन्द्राका कीराहरू मार्छ।
- मोटोपन घटाउन: यसले मेटाबोलिज्म बढाएर चर्बी घटाउन मद्दत गर्छ।
प्रयोग विधि
- फलको चूर्ण: सुकाएर पिँधिएको चूर्ण ३–५ ग्राम प्रतिदिन १–२ पटक पानीसँग सेवन गर्न सकिन्छ।
- काढा: फल वा जरा उमालेर काढा बनाएर पिउन सकिन्छ।
- बाह्य प्रयोग: छालाका रोगमा फलको रस वा पेस्ट लगाउन सकिन्छ।
खेती, उत्पादन र संरक्षण
- खेती: यो लहरोलाई बोट वा भुँइमा फैलन दिन सकिन्छ। उच्च हिमाली क्षेत्रमा स्वतः उम्रन्छ।
- संग्रह: फल पाकेपछि (वर्षायाममा) तोकिएर सुकाइन्छ।
- संरक्षण: सुकेका फलहरू हावा नलाग्ने बन्द भाँडामा राख्नुपर्छ।
निष्कर्ष
कुरकुरे
काँक्रो नेपालको हिमाली क्षेत्रमा पाइने एक अत्यन्तै गुणकारी
जडीबुटी हो। यसले मधुमेह,
पित्त, रक्तचाप, यौनरोग लगायत धेरै रोगहरूको उपचार
गर्न सक्छ। यसको संरक्षण र
सतत उपयोग गर्न यसको खेतीलाई
बढावा दिनुपर्छ। आयुर्वेद, तिब्बती चिकित्सा र स्थानीय जनजातिहरूको
पारम्परिक ज्ञानमा यसको ठूलो महत्त्व
छ। त्यसैले यसको अनुसन्धान र
प्रयोगलाई अझ बढाउनु आवश्यक
छ।
Introduction
Herpetospermum pedunculosum is an annual climbing herb
recognized for its medicinal properties. Traditionally used in Tibetan and
Nepalese medicine, it is known for its bitter taste and cooling potency, making
it effective in treating various ailments such as liver disorders,
gastrointestinal issues, and inflammatory conditions .
Availability in Nepal and Other Countries
In Nepal, KurKure Kakro is predominantly found in the
western and central regions, especially in areas like Pungmo and Kaigaon. It
thrives at elevations ranging from 1,500 to 3,600 meters, commonly along forest
edges, riverbanks, and shrubberies . Beyond Nepal, the plant is distributed
across the Himalayan regions, including Tibet, Yunnan in China, northeastern
India, and Bhutan .
Physical Properties
Herpetospermum pedunculosum is characterized by its
extensive climbing vines and ovate-heart-shaped leaves with a rough, hairy
texture. The plant produces yellow flowers, with male flowers clustering
together and female flowers appearing solitary. Its ellipsoid fruits are finely
hairy and contain seeds that are slightly oblong with a brown to black-brown
surface .
Medicinal Properties
The seeds of Herpetospermum
pedunculosum are rich in various bioactive compounds, including lignans, fatty
acids, terpenoids, and coumarins. These constituents contribute to its diverse
pharmacological activities:
Liver Protection: Lignans
such as herpetriol and herpetetrol have shown hepatoprotective effects, aiding
in the treatment of liver diseases .
- Anti-inflammatory
and Antioxidant: Terpenoids like cucurbitacin B exhibit
anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties .
- Cholagogue
and Choleretic: The seeds promote bile flow, assisting in the
treatment of jaundice and other bile-related disorders .
- Antitumor
and Antiviral: Certain compounds have demonstrated potential in
combating tumors and viruses, including hepatitis B virus .
Advantages
The multifaceted medicinal properties of Herpetospermum
pedunculosum offer several advantages:
- Versatility:
Effective in treating a range of ailments, from liver disorders to
gastrointestinal issues.
- Traditional
Validation: Centuries of use in traditional medicine systems attest to
its efficacy.
- Natural
Composition: Being a natural herb, it presents fewer side effects
compared to synthetic drugs.
Uses and Methods of Usage
In traditional medicine, various parts of the plant are
utilized:
- Seeds:
Used to treat liver and gallbladder diseases, often incorporated into
formulations like Jiuwei Zhangya Pill and Wuwei Jinse Pill .
- Roots:
Pounded roots are applied to address bile duct issues .
- Leaves
and Flowers: Employed in treating gastrointestinal inflammations and
fevers.
Dosage: Traditionally, a dosage of 3-5 grams, taken
1-2 times daily, is recommended.
Preparation Methods:
- Stir-frying
with Vinegar: This method enhances liver-protective effects while
reducing potential side effects like diarrhea .
- Nanosuspension:
Modern techniques involve preparing lignans into nanosuspensions to
improve bioavailability and stability .
Harvesting and Preservation
Harvesting:
- Leaves
and Flowers: Collected during July and August.
- Fruits
and Seeds: Harvested in September and October when fully mature .
- Preservation:
- Drying:
Post-harvest, parts are thoroughly dried to prevent mold and degradation.
- Storage:
Dried materials are stored in airtight containers, away from moisture and
direct sunlight, to maintain potency.
Conclusion
Herpetospermum pedunculosum stands out as a potent medicinal herb with a rich history in traditional medicine. Its diverse pharmacological properties, ranging from liver protection to anti-inflammatory effects, make it invaluable in treating various ailments. With growing interest in natural remedies, further research and sustainable cultivation of this herb could unlock new therapeutic potentials and ensure its availability for future generations.
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