
यो लता पहाड-पर्वतमा
पैदा हुन्छ । कुभिण्डोको समान लहरो स्वादमा पिरो, तितो, परपराउने केही टर्रो हुन्छ
। चीनतिर फोक्सो समस्या, दममा प्रयोग गर्छन् भने झारतमा पशु-चिकित्सामा औषधि बनाउँछन्
। रस- रसायनका साधकहरूले पारालाई मुर्च्छन- मारणहेतु- अनुसन्धानमा लैजान्छन् । सस्तो
धातुलाई महङ्गोमा परिणत गर्ने प्रयत्न जारी राख्छन् । यसको कन्द सलगम आकारको खरानी
रङमा पुरानो २० किलोसम्मको हुन्छ ।
१. परिचय
पीरो कुभिण्डो
(वैज्ञानिक नाम: Stephania glabra) नेपालमा पाइने एक प्रमुख जडीबुटी हो।
यसलाई कटुकुष्माण्ड, गिदाडु आदि नामले पनि चिनिन्छ। यो एक प्रकारको लहरा हो जुन पहाडी
तथा हिमाली क्षेत्रमा स्वतः उम्रन्छ। यसको स्वाद पिरो, तितो र परपराउने हुन्छ। यसको
कन्द सलगम (टर्निप) जस्तो आकारको हुन्छ र खरानी रङ्गको हुने गर्छ। पुरानो कुभिण्डोको
कन्द २० किलोसम्मको हुन सक्छ। यो निकै महत्त्वपूर्ण आयुर्वेदिक जडीबुटी मानिन्छ र विभिन्न
रोगहरूको उपचारमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ।
२. नेपाल र अन्य देशहरूमा उपलब्धता
पीरो कुभिण्डो
नेपालको मध्य पहाडी देखि हिमाली क्षेत्रसम्म (१५०० मिटरदेखि ३००० मिटर उचाइसम्म) पाइन्छ।
विशेष गरी रसुवा, दोलखा, सिन्धुपाल्चोक, काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक, गोरखा, मनाङ, मुस्ताङ जस्ता
जिल्लाहरूमा यो प्रशस्त मात्रामा पाइन्छ। नेपाल बाहेक यो जडीबुटी भारत, चीन, भूटान,
म्यानमार, थाइल्याण्ड, लाओस जस्ता दक्षिण एसियाली र दक्षिण-पूर्व एसियाली देशहरूमा
पनि पाइन्छ। चीनमा यसलाई फोक्सो (श्वासप्रश्वास सम्बन्धी) रोगको उपचारमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ
भने भारतमा आयुर्वेदिक औषधि निर्माणमा उपयोग गरिन्छ।
३. शारीरिक
गुणहरू
- लहरा: यो बुट्यान वा लहरा हो जसको
डाँठ पातले ढाकिएको हुन्छ।
- पात: यसका पात हरिया, गोलाकार वा
अण्डाकार हुन्छन्।
- कन्द: यसको कन्द जमिनमुनि हुने गर्छ
र सलगम (टर्निप) जस्तो आकारको हुन्छ।
- रङ्ग: कन्दको बाहिरी भाग खरानी वा
खैरो रङ्गको हुन्छ भने भित्री भाग सेतो वा हल्का पहेंलो हुन्छ।
- स्वाद: पिरो, तितो र परपराउने।
४. औषधीय गुणहरू
पीरो कुभिण्डोमा
निम्न औषधीय गुणहरू पाइन्छन्:
- ज्वरनाशक (Antipyretic): ज्वर घटाउन मद्दत गर्छ।
- दुख्नाशक (Analgesic): दुखाइ कम गर्छ।
- प्रदाहनाशक
(Anti-inflammatory): सुन्निएको
वा प्रदाह भएको ठाउँमा आराम दिन्छ।
- कफनाशक (Expectorant): कफ निकाल्न सजिलो बनाउँछ।
- रोगप्रतिरोधक
(Immunomodulatory): शरीरको
रोग प्रतिरोधक क्षमता बढाउँछ।
- पाचक (Digestive): पाचन प्रणालीलाई सुधार्छ।
५. फाइदा
- श्वासप्रश्वास सम्बन्धी समस्याहरू
(दम, फोक्सो, अस्थमा) मा प्रभावकारी।
- ज्वर, सर्दी-खोकी, कफ लागेमा उपयोगी।
- पेट दुखाइ, अपच, पेटको कीरा लागेमा
फाइदाजनक।
- जोर्नी दुखाइ, गाइँटा दुखाइमा आराम
दिन्छ।
- रक्तचाप नियन्त्रण गर्न मद्दत गर्छ।
- चर्मरोग (खटिरा, दाद) लागेमा लेप
गर्न उपयोगी।
६. प्रयोग विधि
- काढा: यसको कन्द वा जरा सुकेर पिँधेर
काढा बनाइन्छ। यो काढा दम, खोकी, ज्वर, पेट दुखाइमा दिइन्छ।
- चूर्ण: सुकेको कन्दलाई पिँधेर चूर्ण
बनाइएको हुन्छ। यो चूर्ण दूध वा पानीसंग मिसाएर खुवाइन्छ।
- लेप: ताजा कन्दलाई पिसेर चर्मरोगमा
लगाइन्छ।
- आयुर्वेदिक औषधि: विभिन्न आयुर्वेदिक दवाहरूमा
यसको प्रयोग गरिन्छ।
७. उत्पादन, संकलन र संरक्षण
- संकलन: यसको कन्द वर्षायाम पछि (अक्टोबर-डिसेम्बर)
मा खनिन्छ।
- सुकाउने: कन्दलाई धूपमा राम्ररी सुकाइन्छ।
- संरक्षण: सुकेको कन्दलाई हावा नलाग्ने
भाँडोमा राखिन्छ वा प्लास्टिकको झोलामा बन्द गरिन्छ।
८. निष्कर्ष
पीरो कुभिण्डो
नेपालको एक महत्त्वपूर्ण जडीबुटी हो जसले धेरै रोगहरूको उपचार गर्न सक्छ। यसको प्रयोग
आयुर्वेद, पशु चिकित्सा र स्थानिय उपचार पद्धतिमा गरिन्छ। यसको संरक्षण र सतत उपयोगले
नेपालको जैविक विविधता र पारम्परिक चिकित्सा पद्धतिलाई बचाउन मद्दत गर्छ। त्यसैले यसको
सुरक्षित उपयोग, सही संकलन र संरक्षणलाई प्रवर्धन गर्नुपर्छ।
Introduction
Piro
Kubhindo (Stephania
glabra), also called पीरो कुभिण्डो, कटुकुष्माण्ड, or गिदाडु,
is a climbing vine. It's part of the Menispermaceae family. This plant
grows mainly in hilly and mountainous regions. The name “Piro" hints at
its बिटो–tasting root (पिरो = spicy/bitter).
This herb
is well-known in Nepal and many Asian countries, famous in traditional Chinese
and Himalayan folk medicine. It has been used for lung problems, asthma, fever,
diabetes, arthritis, skin conditions, and even animal health. Modern science
has studied it and found many beneficial compounds.
Availability in Nepal and Other Countries
Nepal
In Nepal, Piro
Kubhindo grows naturally in the mid-hills, especially at elevations
from about 500 to 2,000 meters above sea level. It's often found
near forests, rocky areas, and along streams. In some places, it's called तामरके/Tamarke
or गिदाडु/Gidadu, and its roots and tubers are collected by locals
People in
regions like Darjeeling, Sikkim, and eastern Nepal use its dried root powder
for traditional healing: treating fever, asthma, tuberculosis, and skin
problems
Other
Countries
- China, Thailand, Vietnam
– It grows in tropical/subtropical forests and mountainous areas
- Bhutan – Found between 500 and 1,800 meters in forested zones
- India (Himalayan region), Bangladesh,
Myanmar – Native or naturalized here
So
although the plant isn’t common at low altitudes, it’s found widely across
South & Southeast Asia.
Physical Properties
- Growth: It’s a vine that climbs up
to 10 meters. Stems are thin, hollow, and hairless.
- Root/Tuber: Thick, round or turnip-like,
gray to brown, weighing up to 20 kg in old plants
- Leaves: Large, heart-shaped or
round, about 9–25 cm across.
- Flowers: Small, in clusters. Male
flowers are yellowish, about 2–3 mm across. Female flowers
develop into small red drupes.
- Taste: The tuber is spicy, bitter,
with a little “tickling” rough feel.
- Habitat preference: Grows well in well-drained
soil, often near streams or rocky slopes at mid elevations
Medicinal Properties
Stephania
glabra is full of alkaloid compounds—over 30 identified! These include
morphine-like alkaloids (e.g., gindarudine), bisbenzylisoquinolines
(like cycleanine), berberines, aporphine alkaloids, and more
Studies of
these compounds show a range of medicinal benefits:
- Analgesic (pain relief) – Gindarudine reduces pain in
lab animals
- Antipyretic (fever reduction) – That same compound lowered
temperature in rats with induced fever
- Anti-inflammatory – Traditional uses include
arthritis and respiratory inflammation, supported by studies.
- Anti-diabetic – Extracts reduced blood
sugar levels in diabetic mice
- Antimicrobial – Glabradine and related
alkaloids help fight bacteria and fungi (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus).
- Anti-hypertensive,
anti-psychotic, anti-tuberculosis
– Found in reviews of pharmacological activity
Alkaloids
may also help with cancer, asthma, tuberculosis, digestive issues, sleep
problems, leprosy, skin conditions, and more
Advantages
- Natural and traditional: Has been used for hundreds
of years in folk medicine.
- Multiple benefits: Pain relief, fever
reduction, lowering blood sugar, fighting microbes—all from the same root.
- Scientific backing: Lab evidence supports
traditional uses, which means real health potential
- Rich chemistry: More than 30 bioactive
compounds, useful for future medicine or drug development
- Economic potential: Can be farmed or renamed via
tissue culture, offering income to farmers and supporting conservation.
Uses
- For people:
- Pain and fever: Especially from
gindarudine.
- Respiratory issues: Relief for asthma,
bronchitis, coughs.
- Digestive health: Used for tuberculosis,
dysentery, jaundice.
- Diabetes: Tubers help reduce high
blood sugar.
- Infections: Can fight bacterial and
fungal infections.
- Skin conditions: External oil used for
leprosy, leucoderma, wounds
- For animals:
- Used in veterinary medicines
in places like China or neighboring countries for animal ailments
(coughs, fevers).
- In science and industry:
- Studied by chemists, plasma
researchers, and pharmacologists for drug development, including
painkillers, antibiotics, anti-fever medicines, anti-asthmatic remedies.
- Tissue culture methods help
produce its alkaloids in labs and conserve wild populations
How to Use
⚠️ Note:
Always consult a health professional before using any herbal remedy.
Common
Preparation Methods
- Powdered tuber: Roots are cleaned, dried,
and ground into powder.
- Dried pieces: Cooked or made into herbal
teas/decoctions.
- Extracts: Alcoholic extracts are made
to concentrate medicine.
- Oils or pastes: For applying on skin issues.
- Lab-based extracts: Concentrated compounds for
scientific tests.
Typical
Uses
- Oral dose: ~100–500 mg of root powder or extract, mixed with water—used
for pain, fever, diabetes.
- Topical application: Root oil or paste for skin
disorders.
- Herbal tea/decoction: Boil dried root pieces and
drink for respiratory or digestive health.
Harvesting and Preservation
- When to harvest:
- Tubers are best collected in autumn,
after the plant’s above-ground parts die back.
- How to harvest:
- Carefully dig around the vine not to
destroy adjacent plants (sustainable harvesting).
- Shake off soil and clean the
tuber.
- Preservation:
- Drying: Cut tubers into slices and
sun-dry until fully dry.
- Storage: Keep dried pieces or powder
in airtight containers, away from moisture.
- Lab preservation: Can be tissue-cultured for
biotech research.
- Conservation:
- Because of wild harvesting
demand, scientists use methods such as micropropagation to grow
plants in the lab, protecting wild populations.
Conclusion
Piro
Kubhindo (Stephania glabra) is a truly remarkable herb. It’s a native climber
of Nepal’s mid-hills, full of healing powers. The gray, turnip-like tuber
tastes bitter and spicy. Inside are powerful alkaloids—over 30 types—that help
in many ways: pain relief, fever reduction, lowering blood sugar, fighting
infections, and supporting respiratory and skin health.
Traditional
healers in Nepal, Bhutan, India, and China have used it for ages to treat many
conditions. Modern science confirms many of these benefits, showing that the
plant has real medical value.
It's easy
to harvest, but needs careful drying and storing. And because it's in demand
and sometimes rare, sustainable farming and tissue culture methods are used to
avoid harming wild populations.
In short: Piro Kubhindo is not just a local folk remedy—it’s a medicinal gem from the Himalayan slopes. With more research and careful conservation, it has great promise for giving us natural health solutions now and in the future.
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