Saano Khari, सानो खरी, Celtis tetrandra

यो मझौला रूख १८०० मिटरसम्मको उचाइमा पाइन्छ । यो पहेँलो फुल्छ र फल पाकेपछि सुन्तला- रातो रङको हुन्छ। यसको गेडाले पाचन शक्तिलाई राम्रो गर्छ, भोजन पचाउँछ, रगत बढाउँछ । यसको बोक्राले आउँ-पखाला, जोर्नी दुख्ने, मुटुको शोथ, कब्ज, अर्श, आमवात, सङ्ग्रहणी, मधुमेह, गानोगोला, पित्तरोग इत्यादिमा अचुक लाभ पुयाई सन्चो गर्छ । मात्रः ३-५ ग्राम लेदो / चूर्ण, काँढापानी १ / १ माना, २०-३० ग्राम, पातरस १०-१५ ग्राम, भस्म १-२ ग्राम २-३ पटक ।

नेपालको पहाडी भू-भाग प्राकृतिक सम्पदा र औषधिजन्य वनस्पतिले भरिपूर्ण छ। यस्तै महत्वपूर्ण तर कम चर्चामा रहेको एउटा वृक्ष हो— सानो खरी। वैज्ञानिक नाम Celtis tetrandra ले चिनिने यो रुख परम्परागत उपचार पद्धतिमा निकै प्रभावशाली मानिन्छ। आजको यस ब्लगमा हामी यसको परिचयदेखि खेती र संरक्षणसम्मका बारेमा चर्चा गर्नेछौँ।

परिचय

सानो खरी एक मझौला आकारको पतझड (पात झर्ने) रुख हो। यो विशेषगरी समुद्री सतहदेखि करिब १८०० मिटरसम्मको उचाइमा फस्टाउँछ। यस रुखमा पहेँलो रङका साना फूलहरू फुल्छन् भने यसको फल पाकेपछि सुन्तला-रातो रङको देखिन्छ। यसका फलहरू साना र गोलाकार हुन्छन्। हेर्दा सामान्य लागे पनि यो रुख औषधीय गुणको खानी नै हो।

नेपाल र अन्य देशहरूमा उपलब्धता

सानो खरी मुख्यतया दक्षिण र दक्षिण-पूर्वी एसियामा पाइन्छ। नेपालको सन्दर्भमा यो मध्य पहाडी भेगका वनजङ्गल, कान्ला र खोल्साहरूमा सजिलै भेटिन्छ। नेपालबाहेक यो भारत, चीन, म्यानमार, थाइल्याण्ड र भियतनाम जस्ता देशहरूमा पनि पाइन्छ। पहाडी क्षेत्रको हावापानीमा यो रुख सजिलै हुर्कने भएकाले नेपालका ग्रामीण भेगमा यसलाई डालेघाँस र दाउराको रूपमा समेत प्रयोग गर्ने गरिन्छ।

भौतिक गुणहरू

उचाइ: यो रुख सामान्यतया १० देखि २५ मिटरसम्म अग्लो हुन सक्छ।

काण्ड र बोक्रा: यसको काण्ड खैरो र केही चिल्लो हुन्छ। बोक्रामा विभिन्न औषधीय रसायनहरू पाइन्छन्।

पात: यसका पातहरू अण्डाकार र किनारामा हल्का दाँती परेका हुन्छन्।

फल: यसको फल सुरुमा हरियो, त्यसपछि पहेँलो र पूर्ण रूपमा पाकेपछि सुन्तला-रातो रङको हुन्छ। यो फल स्वादमा हल्का गुलियो हुन्छ।

फाइदा

सानो खरीको फल, बोक्रा र पात सबै औषधिको रूपमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ। यसका प्रमुख फाइदाहरू निम्नानुसार छन्:

१. पाचन प्रणालीमा सुधार: यसको गेडा (फल) को सेवनले पाचन शक्ति बलियो बनाउँछ र खाएको खाना राम्ररी पचाउन मद्दत गर्छ।

२. रक्तअल्पता निवारण: यसको नियमित र सही प्रयोगले शरीरमा रगतको मात्रा बढाउन सहयोग पुर्‍याउँछ।

३. पेटका रोगहरू: यसको बोक्राको प्रयोग आउँ-पखाला (Dysentery) र सङ्ग्रहणी जस्ता समस्या निको पार्न अचुक मानिन्छ।

४. दीर्घरोगमा लाभ: मधुमेह (Diabetes), कब्जियत र पायल्स (अर्श) जस्ता समस्यामा यसले राहत दिन्छ।

५. नसा र जोर्नीको दुखाइ: जोर्नी दुख्ने समस्या, आमवात (Rheumatism) र गानोगोला बढ्ने समस्यामा यसको लेदो वा काँढा उपयोगी हुन्छ।

६. मुटु र पित्त: मुटुको शोथ (Suelling) कम गर्न र पित्त सम्बन्धी रोगहरू नियन्त्रण गर्न यसले मद्दत गर्छ।

प्रयोग विधि

सानो खरीलाई रोगको प्रकृति अनुसार विभिन्न तरिकाले प्रयोग गर्न सकिन्छ। आयुर्वेद र स्थानीय उपचार पद्धति अनुसार यसको मात्रा यस प्रकार हुनुपर्छ:

लेदो वा चूर्ण: ३ देखि ५ ग्राम लेदो वा धुलो दिनको दुई-तीन पटक सेवन गर्न सकिन्छ।

काँढापानी (Decoction): २० देखि ३० ग्राम बोक्रा वा पातलाई पानीमा उमालेर बनाइएको काँढा दैनिक १-१ माना वा आवश्यकता अनुसार सेवन गर्ने।

पातको रस: ताजा पातको रस १० देखि १५ ग्रामको मात्रामा खान सकिन्छ।

भस्म: यसको काठ वा बोक्राबाट बनाइएको भस्म १ देखि २ ग्रामसम्म प्रयोग गर्न सकिन्छ।

(नोट: कुनै पनि जडीबुटी प्रयोग गर्नुअघि विशेषज्ञ वा वैद्यको सल्लाह लिनु अनिवार्य छ।)

खेती, उत्पादन र संरक्षण

सानो खरी प्राकृतिक रूपमा वनमा पाइने भए तापनि यसको व्यावसायिक खेतीको ठुलो सम्भावना छ।

खेती: यसको खेती बीउबाट गर्न सकिन्छ। वर्षायामको सुरुवातमा यसका बिरुवाहरू सार्नु उपयुक्त हुन्छ। यसलाई धेरै हेरचाह नचाहिने हुनाले बाँझो जमिन वा कान्लाहरूमा लगाउन सकिन्छ।

उत्पादन: रुख रोपेको केही वर्षपछि यसले फल दिन थाल्छ। यसको बोक्रालाई रुख नमर्ने गरी निश्चित समयको अन्तरालमा निकाल्न सकिन्छ।

संरक्षण: वनविनाश र डढेलोका कारण यस्ता बहुगुणी रुखहरू लोप हुने खतरामा छन्। स्थानीय स्तरमा यसको महत्त्व बुझाएर र सामुदायिक वनहरूमा यसको वृक्षारोपण गरेर यसको संरक्षण गर्न सकिन्छ। यसलाई घाँस र दाउराको रूपमा मात्र प्रयोग नगरी औषधीय रूखको रूपमा जोगाउनु आवश्यक छ।

निष्कर्ष

सानो खरी (Celtis tetrandra) हाम्रो प्रकृतिले दिएको एक अनुपम उपहार हो। सानो र साधारण देखिने यो रुखले मानिसका जटिल रोगहरू निको पार्ने क्षमता राख्दछ। यसको उचित पहिचान, सही प्रयोग र संरक्षण गर्न सकेमा यसले ग्रामीण अर्थतन्त्र र स्वास्थ्य क्षेत्रमा ठुलो योगदान पुर्‍याउन सक्छ। हाम्रो वरिपरि रहेका यस्ता जडीबुटीहरूको संरक्षण गरौँ र स्वस्थ जीवन बिताऔँ।

Introduction

Saano Khari, known by its scientific name Celtis tetrandra, is a useful medicinal tree found in the hilly regions of Asia. It is a medium-sized tree that grows up to an altitude of about 1800 meters. This plant has been used for many years in traditional healing systems because of its many health benefits. In Nepal, it is called "Saano Khari" in the Nepali language.

This tree produces small yellow flowers, and its fruits turn orange-red when they ripen. Both the fruits and bark of this plant are very valuable in traditional medicine. Local healers have used it to treat digestive problems, increase blood, and cure many diseases

Because of its natural healing properties, Celtis tetrandra is becoming popular not only in villages but also among people who prefer herbal and natural remedies.

Availability in Nepal and Abroad

Saano Khari is commonly found in the mid-hill regions of Nepal. It grows naturally in forests, especially between 500 meters and 1800 meters above sea level. It prefers warm and moderate climates.

Apart from Nepal, this plant is also found in countries like India, especially in Himalayan regions, and in parts of China and Southeast Asia. It grows well in natural forests and does not need special care.

However, it is not widely cultivated on farms. Most of the supply comes from wild forests. Because of its medicinal importance, people are now becoming more interested in conserving and growing this plant.

Physical Properties

Celtis tetrandra is a medium-sized deciduous tree. It has several physical features that make it easy to identify.

The height of the tree is usually medium, not too tall compared to large forest trees. The bark is grayish-brown in color and has a rough texture.

The leaves are simple, green, and slightly pointed. They are soft when young and become harder as they mature.

The flowers are small and yellow. They bloom during the flowering season and later develop into fruits.

The fruits are round and small. When they are unripe, they are green. As they ripen, they turn orange-red. These fruits contain seeds inside them.

The bark, leaves, fruits, and seeds are all used for medicinal purposes.

Medicinal Properties

Saano Khari has many medicinal properties. Different parts of the plant help in treating different diseases.

The fruits are very good for digestion. They help the stomach digest food properly. They also increase appetite and improve digestive strength.

The fruits also help increase blood in the body. This is helpful for people suffering from weakness or anemia.

The bark of the plant is very powerful in treating many diseases.

It helps cure diarrhea and dysentery. It also helps relieve constipation.

It is useful in treating joint pain and rheumatism. It reduces inflammation and pain.

The bark is also helpful in treating heart swelling and improving heart health.

It helps in treating piles (hemorrhoids), diabetes, and bile disorders.

It is also used for treating chronic digestive disorders like grahani.

Because of these properties, this plant is considered very valuable in traditional medicine.

Advantages

There are many advantages of using Saano Khari as a herbal medicine.

One major advantage is that it improves digestion. It helps people who suffer from weak digestion.

Another advantage is that it increases blood. This helps improve energy levels and reduces weakness.

It also helps relieve constipation and improves bowel movement.

It reduces joint pain and inflammation naturally without side effects.

It helps control diabetes naturally.

It improves heart health.

It is a natural medicine, so it has fewer side effects compared to chemical medicines.

It is also easily available in forest areas, especially in hilly regions.

Traditional Uses

Saano Khari has been used in traditional medicine for many generations.

Traditional healers use its fruits to improve digestion and increase blood.

The bark is used to treat diarrhea and dysentery.

It is also used to treat piles and constipation.

People use it for joint pain and rheumatism.

It is used in treating diabetes.

It is also used in treating bile disorders.

Some traditional healers prepare herbal decoction from its bark.

Others make powder from its dried bark and fruits.

Some use fresh leaf juice for medicinal purposes.

This shows that this plant has a very important place in traditional healing.

Usage Methods & Dosage

Different parts of the plant are used in different ways.

Bark paste or powder: 3 to 5 grams, two to three times daily.

Decoction (boiled in water): About 20 to 30 grams of bark boiled in water and taken in divided doses.

Leaf juice: 10 to 15 grams can be taken.

Ash (bhasma): 1 to 2 grams can be used.

It is usually taken two or three times a day.

However, it is always better to take it under the guidance of a knowledgeable herbal practitioner.

Correct dosage is important for best results.

Harvesting & Preservation

Harvesting should be done carefully to protect the plant.

The bark should be taken from mature trees. It should not be removed completely, as it may harm the tree.

Fruits should be collected when they turn orange-red.

Leaves can be collected when they are fresh and healthy.

After collection, the plant parts should be cleaned properly.

They should be dried in shade, not in direct sunlight. Direct sunlight can reduce their medicinal value.

After drying, they should be stored in clean, dry containers.

Proper storage helps maintain their quality for a long time.

Conclusion

Saano Khari, or Celtis tetrandra, is an important medicinal tree with many health benefits. It is especially useful for improving digestion, increasing blood, and treating many diseases like diarrhea, joint pain, diabetes, and piles.

It is widely available in Nepal and other Asian countries and has been used in traditional medicine for centuries.

Its fruits, bark, and leaves all have medicinal value.

It is a natural, safe, and effective herbal medicine when used properly.

Because of its many benefits, it is important to protect and conserve this plant.

Reference

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