असुरो (Malabar Nut) ~ NepalAyurveds.com

Tuesday

असुरो (Malabar Nut)

12:41

वैज्ञानिक नामः Justicia adhatoda L.

परिवारः Acanthaceae

परिचय:

असुरो एक सदावहार झाडी हो जसको उचाई करिब ३ मिटरसम्म

हुन्छ। यो वनस्पति कडा गन्ध आउने गुणले परिचित छ। यसको डाँठ हल्का पहेंलो र चिल्लो बोक्राले ढाकिएको हुन्छ। पातहरू विपरित दिशामा मिलेर रहेका छन्, जसको लम्बाई ७ देखि १९ से.मी. र चौडाई ४ देखि ६ से.मी. हुन्छ। पातहरू नरम, सिधा किनार भएका र गन्ध युक्त हुन्छन्। असुरोको फूल सेतो रंगको हुन्छ जसमा स–साना रातो थोप्लाहरू छन्। यसको फूल मङ्सिरदेखि चैतसम्म फुल्छ।

उपलब्धता र प्राकृतिक वितरण:

नेपालभर ६०० देखि १६०० मिटर उचाइमा खुल्ला ठाउँहरू, खेती नगरिएका जमिनहरू, तथा बारीको डिलमा असुरो पाइन्छ। यो नेपालका पूर्वी र पश्चिमी भागहरूमा बिस्तृत रूपमा फैलिएको छ। खुला जमिनमा सरल रूपमा उम्रने भएकोले यसलाई खेतीबाली गर्न आवश्यक छैन।

सङ्कलन समय र व्यापारमा प्रयोग हुने भाग:

• सङ्कलन समय: असुरोको पात वर्षभरि सङ्कलन गर्न सकिन्छ। फूलहरू भने पुसदेखि चैतसम्ममा संकलन गरिन्छ।

• व्यापारमा प्रयोग हुने भाग: यसको पात र डाँठ व्यापारीक रूपमा प्रयोगमा आउँछन्। यसको पातहरूको सुकेको अवस्थामा हरियो रंग हुन्छ र ती सुगन्धित रहन्छन्।

प्रयोग, गुण, र फाइदाहरू:

औषधीय प्रयोगहरू: असुरोको पातलाई खोकी, दम, तथा ब्रोन्काइटिसको औषधीको रूपमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ। यसका पातलाई पानीमा उमालेर खाँदा खोकी र ज्वरो कम हुन्छ। यो ग्रामीण क्षेत्रमा धेरैजसो घरेलु औषधीको रूपमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ।

यसको औषधीय गुणहरूले गर्दा यसलाई छालाको समस्यामा पनि बाहिरी रूपमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ।

कृषिमा प्रयोग:

असुरोको पात धान, आलु, र मकैमा हरियो मलको रूपमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ।

Introduction:

Ashuro or Malabar Nut is a deciduous shrub and has a highly pungent smell. It usually grows from 3 meters tall and happens to be evergreen in nature. The bark of the plant ranges from light yellow color, smooth to touch. These leaves are oppositely set on the stem and are 7 to 19 cm long and 4 to 6 cm wide. Leaves are elliptic lanceolate with entire margins, which translates to smooth edges without indentation. They are soft to the touch and have a strong particular scent.

The flowers of Ashuro are white with very small reddish spots and two lips-shaped petals, hence very distinct. Flowers come from December to April and cover the plant with striking color contrast. Being a low-maintenance plant and survival under variable conditions places it among one of the most common plants available in Nepal and other areas.

Availability and Natural Distribution:

Ashuro is widely distributed in Nepal, ranging from 600 to 1600 meters. It grows on a wide variety of open localities, waste lands, and borders of cultivated fields. This ability to adapt to diverse ecological conditions extends its growth in manifold areas, hence being a common sight both in rural and semi-rural areas.

The plant is found in abundance in both eastern and western Nepal, usually practiced in traditional medicines and agriculture. As it grows naturally on uncultivated areas and boundaries of farms, it requires no intense farming and special conditions for growth; hence, it is easily available to the people throughout Nepal.

Harvesting Time and Parts Used in Trade:

Harvesting Time: Leaves of Ashuro are gathered during the whole year, but flowers are collected during the flowering season. The time is between July and October.

Part Used in Trade: Leaves and flowers are the two traded parts of the plant. Leaves are usually collected with the petiole or the stalk that attaches the leaf to the stem.

General Description of Traded Parts:

Ashuro leaves are usually thin, with the petiole included. The inner part of the petiole is white to light brown in color, while the outside is a darker brown, having a few vertical veins running down its length. Leaves, on drying, retain the thin texture and tend to be slightly greenish in color. They also remain very aromatic, which is one of the identifying features of this plant.

In trade, Ashuro leaves are generally dried and sold either for medicinal or agricultural purposes. Flowers are traded in traditional medicinal preparations, quite rarely. Leaves have the highest commercial value since they have applicability over a wide range, both in medicine and agriculture.

Uses, Properties, and Benefits:

Pharmacological Use: Leaves of Ashuro are highly valued in traditional medicine, particularly in Ayurveda. The leaves are used as an expectorant to facilitate the elimination of mucus from the respiratory tract. All these make Ashuro a very important plant for those people who usually suffer from asthma, bronchitis, and other chronic coughs. Leaves boiled in water and decoction drunk by natives stop cough and reduce fever in Nepal. This is one of the common home remedies, especially in rural areas, where access to the latest medicines remains poor.

Besides its use in treating respiratory problems, Ashuro is also recognized for its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. The leaves can be crushed and applied to wounds or skin infection to reduce inflammation and promote curing. This plant has been used for many years in traditional healing practices, and its medicinal properties are well-recognized not only in Nepal but also in other South Asian countries.

Agricultural Uses: Besides the medicinal uses, Ashuro also finds its uses in agriculture. The leaves of this plant are considered green manure-a certain type of organic fertilizer used for enriching the soil. Usually, farmers in Nepal use leaves from Ashuro to increase the production of rice, potatoes, and maize. This organic fertilization of soil improves the health of the soil, increases yields of crops, and reduces dependence on chemical fertilizers.

Ashuro leaves have also been attributed to insecticidal properties, hence effective for pest control. For example, sprinkling the leaves on potato fields minimizes the attack from pests such as termites and aphids on crops. These natural repellent qualities make the plant a sustainable and eco-friendly option against pests in organic farming.

Another broad usage of Ashuro in agriculture is as a barrier. Animals do not eat its leaves because of the strong smell emanating from them; hence, this plant is often grown around the boundaries of farms to save the crops from being grazed by livestock. This dual function-fertilizer and barrier-makes Ashuro a very useful plant in traditional farming practices of Nepal.

Other Uses: The plant is utilized for certain subsidiary purposes, such as specific religious rituals and ceremonies. The leaves emit a strong aroma and are used sometimes in traditional Nepalese houses for repelling insects and freshening the atmosphere.

Conservation Status or Commercial Importance:

Ashuro, now grown wild in most Nepalese areas, is widely available within the nation. However, due to the medicinal and agricultural advantages that accrue from the plant, commercial demand has increased over the years; hence, there is more commercial harvesting for both domestic uses and export.

It is abundant and does not require special care; thus, wild populations of Ashuro are in no way threatened in regard to conservation. However, with the rise of demand for natural remedies and organic farming methods, Ashuro is increasingly being grown commercially. The continued demand for the plant supply for medicinal and agricultural uses will therefore be met while easing pressure on the wild population.

Ashuro is neither an endangered nor a protected species according to the Government of Nepal, though efforts are extended to ensure continuity of this very valuable plant through the promotion of its sustainable harvesting.

Reference

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Essential Daily Sentences for Market Conversations: Hindi to Nepali and Vice-Versa

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