
यो पहाडी क्षेत्रमा प्रायः चट्टानतिर जेठ-असारमा यो पलाउँछ । यो २-३ फिट अग्लो न्युरो हो । यसको फूल र फल लाग्दैन तर उल्टोतर्फको पातमा रातो टीका बीजाणु देखिन्छ । यसको साग कलिलोमा पकाएर खाँदा बल दिन्छ, पेट सफा गर्छ, समस्त वाथरोगमा हित पुऱ्याउँछ, रगत सफा पार्छ, प्रदर-मासिक गड्बडी सन्चो गर्छ। यसको जराले सङ्ग्रहणी
परिचय
कुथुर्के
(Diplazium multicaudatum) नेपालको
पहाडी क्षेत्रमा पाइने एक प्रकारको औषधीय
गुण भएको वनस्पति हो।
यसलाई अंग्रेजीमा "Himalayan
Fern" भन्न सकिन्छ। यो न्युरो (फर्न)
प्रजातिको बोट हो जसको
पात र जरा दुबै
औषधीय प्रयोजनमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ। नेपाली परम्परागत चिकित्सा पद्धतिमा यसको प्रयोग धेरै
पुरानो समयदेखि गरिँदै आएको छ। यसले
शारीरिक बल बढाउनुका साथै
विभिन्न रोगहरूको उपचारमा पनि सहयोग गर्छ।
नेपाल र अन्य देशहरूमा
उपलब्धता
कुथुर्के
नेपालको हिमाली, पहाडी तथा मध्य पहाडी
क्षेत्रमा (१५००-३००० मिटर
उचाइसम्म) प्राकृतिक रूपमा पाइन्छ। यो जेठ-असार
महिनामा चट्टान, ढुङ्गा र ओसिलो भूमिमा
उम्रन्छ। नेपालका साथै यो भारत
(हिमाचल प्रदेश, उत्तराखण्ड, सिक्किम), भूटान र चीनको तिब्बत
क्षेत्रमा पनि पाइन्छ। यसको
खेती नगरिए पनि यसलाई जंगली
अवस्थामै संकलन गरी औषधीको रूपमा
प्रयोग गरिन्छ।
भौतिक गुणहरू
- कुथुर्केको बोट २-३ फिट अग्लो हुन्छ।
- यसको पात हरियो, लाम्चा र चिप्ला हुन्छन्।
- यसले फूल र फल लग्दैन, तर पातको तलतिर रातो टीका जस्ता बीजाणु (spores) देखिन्छन्।
- यसको जरा पातको तुलनामा धेरै औषधीय गुणयुक्त हुन्छ।
औषधीय गुणहरू
कुथुर्केमा
निम्न औषधीय गुणहरू पाइन्छन्:
- बलवर्धक: यसको साग खाँदा शरीरमा शक्ति बढाउँछ।
- पाचक: पेट सफा गरेर पाचन प्रणाली सुधार्छ।
- रक्तशोधक: रगतलाई सफा गरेर विषाक्त पदार्थहरू हटाउँछ।
- मासिकधर्म नियमित गर्ने: प्रदर र मासिक धर्मको अनियमिततालाई सुधार्छ।
- संग्रहणी (डिसेन्ट्री) नाशक: यसको जराले पेटको संक्रमण र दस्तलाई नियन्त्रण गर्छ।
लाभहरू
- पेटका रोग (अपच, गैस, पेट दुखाई) मा फाइदाजनक।
- महिलाहरूको प्रजनन स्वास्थ्यलाई मद्दत गर्छ।
- शरीरको रोग प्रतिरोधक क्षमता बढाउँछ।
- यसले शरीरबाट विषादी पदार्थ बाहिर निकाल्छ।
प्रयोग विधि
कुथुर्केलाई
विभिन्न रूपमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ:
- साग: कलिलो पातलाई तरकारी बनाएर खाने।
- जराको चूर्ण: सुकेको जरालाई पिँधेर ३-५ ग्राम चूर्ण पानीसँग सेवन गर्ने।
- अर्क (काढा): २०-२५ ग्राम जरा उमालेर काढा बनाएर पिउने।
- स्वरस (रस): ताजा पातको रस १०-२० ग्राम सेवन गर्ने।
- टुक्रा चुस्ने: जराको टुक्रा चुसेर पेट दुखाई र संग्रहणीमा फाइदा गर्छ।
संकलन र संरक्षण
- संकलन समय: जेठ-असार महिनामा यसको पात र जरा संकलन गर्न उपयुक्त हुन्छ।
- सुकाउने विधि: जरालाई धूपमा राम्ररी सुकाएर एयरटाइट कन्टेनरमा राख्नुपर्छ।
- संरक्षण: सुकेको जरा र पातलाई ओसिलो र कीरा नलाग्ने ठाउँमा राख्नुपर्छ।
निष्कर्ष
कुथुर्के
(Diplazium multicaudatum) नेपालको
पहाडी क्षेत्रमा पाइने एक महत्त्वपूर्ण जडीबुटी
हो। यसले पाचन शक्ति
बढाउँदै रक्त सफा गर्न,
मासिक धर्म नियमित गर्न
र संग्रहणी जस्ता रोगहरूको उपचार गर्न मद्दत गर्छ।
यसको सही प्रयोगले स्वास्थ्यलाई
धेरै फाइदा पुर्याउँछ। तर, औषधीको रूपमा
प्रयोग गर्दा मात्रा र विधिको ध्यान
दिनुपर्छ। यसको संरक्षण र
सतत उपयोगले नेपाली जडीबुटीको महत्त्व बढाउन सक्छ।
Introduction
Kuthurke, known scientifically as Diplazium multicaudatum,
is a wild fern native to the hilly regions of Nepal. Locally referred to as
"Kuthurke" or "Niuro," this plant holds a special place in
traditional Nepalese cuisine and medicine. Its tender fronds are commonly
consumed as a vegetable, and various parts of the plant are utilized for their
medicinal properties
Availability in Nepal and Other Countries
In Nepal, Kuthurke thrives in the mid-hill regions,
particularly in areas like Kaski, Kavrepalanchowk, and Humla districts. It is
typically found growing near rocks and moist, shaded areas during the months of
Jestha to Asar (May to July). Beyond Nepal, species of the Diplazium
genus are distributed across parts of Asia, including India, Bhutan, China, and
Southeast Asian countries, where they are also valued for their edible and
medicinal qualities.
Physical Properties
Kuthurke is a perennial fern that can grow up to 2–3 feet in
height. Unlike many plants, it does not produce flowers or fruits. Instead, it
reproduces through spores, which are visible as reddish dots on the underside
of its fronds. The plant has a fibrous root system and delicate, feathery
leaves that unfurl in a characteristic spiral manner.
Medicinal Properties
Traditional uses of Kuthurke in Nepalese medicine are
diverse:
- Digestive
Aid: Consuming young fronds is believed to aid digestion and cleanse
the stomach.
- Blood
Purifier: Regular intake is thought to purify the blood and improve
circulation.
- Women's
Health: It is used to alleviate menstrual disorders and leucorrhea.
- Anti-inflammatory:
The plant is applied to treat rheumatism and joint pain.
- Antimicrobial:
Its extracts have been used to treat infections and skin ailments.
These traditional applications are supported by the presence
of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, and saponins, which exhibit
antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Advantages
- Nutritional
Value: Kuthurke is rich in dietary fiber, vitamins A and C, and
essential minerals like calcium and iron.
- Accessibility:
It grows abundantly in the wild, making it an accessible food source for
rural communities.
- Cultural
Significance: Its use in traditional dishes and remedies reflects the
cultural heritage of Nepalese communities.
Uses
- Culinary:
The tender shoots are harvested and cooked as a vegetable, often
stir-fried or added to soups and curries
- Medicinal:
Different parts of the plant are used to prepare remedies for various
ailments, including digestive issues, menstrual problems, and skin
conditions.
Using Method
- Fresh
Consumption: Young fronds are cleaned, boiled, and cooked with spices
for consumption.
- Decoction:
A decoction made from the roots is consumed to treat gastrointestinal
disorders.
- Paste
Application: A paste made from the roots or fronds is applied
externally to treat wounds and skin infections.
- Dosage:
Traditional guidelines suggest consuming 3–5 grams of powdered root or
10–20 grams of fresh juice, depending on the condition being treated.
Harvesting and Preservation
- Harvesting:
The optimal time to harvest Kuthurke is during the early monsoon season
when the fronds are young and tender.
- Preservation:
To preserve for later use, the fronds can be sun-dried and stored in
airtight containers. The dried product can be rehydrated and cooked as
needed.
Conclusion
Kuthurke (Diplazium multicaudatum) is more than just a wild fern; it is a testament to the rich ethnobotanical knowledge of Nepal. Its dual role as a nutritious food source and a medicinal plant underscores its importance in the daily lives of many Nepalese communities. Preserving and promoting the use of such traditional plants can contribute to sustainable living and the conservation of cultural heritage.
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