NepalAyurveds.com: Kukurdaino

Kukurdaino, कुकुरदाइनो गर्मीको, सर्पदन्ती, चोपचिनी, Smilax ovalifolia

यो गर्मी क्षेत्र र १२०० मिटर उचाइका मध्यपहाडतिर पाइन्छ । यसको स्वाद केही मीठो, टर्रो, तितो, परपराउने, गरम हुन्छ । यो सर्वत्र झ्याङ्गिने लहरो उल्टो काँडा हुन्छ । कलिलो पात र मुना साग खाँदा रगतशोधन गर्छ, कब्जियत मेटाउँछ र अग्नि बढाउँछ । यसको जरा र बोक्रा धूलोले पक्षघात, सन्धिवाथ, मृगी अपस्मार, उन्माद, रजोदोष, वीर्यदोष, भिरङ्गी फिरङ्गी - सुजाक रोग, चर्मरोग, प्रदर, कष्टदायक मासिकधर्म आदिमा लाभ पुऱ्याउँछ । मात्रा : आधाचम्चा दिनमा २ पटक, काँढापानी

३-५ पटक खाँदा फाइदा पुऱ्याउँछ ।

परिचय

कुकुरदाइनो (Smilax ovalifolia) नेपालमा पाइने एक प्रमुख जडीबुटी हो। यसलाई सर्पदन्ती, चोपचिनी, कुकुरदाइनो गर्मीको आदि नामले पनि चिनिन्छ। यो गर्मी प्रधान क्षेत्र र १२०० मिटरसम्मको उचाइमा पाइने लहरो प्रजातिको बुटी हो। यसको स्वाद मीठो, तितो, टर्रो र परपराउने हुन्छ भने यसको प्रयोग आयुर्वेदिक चिकित्सामा धेरै पुरानो समयदेखि गरिँदै आएको छ। यसको जरा, बोक्रा, पात र फल विभिन्न रोगहरूको उपचारमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ।

नेपाल र अन्य देशहरूमा उपलब्धता

कुकुरदाइनो नेपालको तराई, मध्य पहाडी क्षेत्र (विशेष गरी १२०० मिटरसम्मको उचाइ) र गर्मी प्रधान स्थानहरूमा पाइन्छ। यसको प्राकृतिक बासस्थान नेपालका साथै भारत, बंगलादेश, श्रीलंका, म्यानमार, थाइल्याण्ड, चीन र दक्षिणपूर्वी एशियाका अन्य देशहरूमा पनि फैलिएको छ। यसको खेती नगरिए पनि जंगली अवस्थामा यो धेरै ठाउँमा स्वतः उम्रन्छ।

भौतिक गुणहरू

प्रकृति: यो झ्याङ्गिने लहरो हो जसको डाँठमा उल्टा काँडाहरू हुन्छन्।
पात: कलिला पातहरू हरिया र चम्किला हुन्छन्।
फूल र फल: फूलहरू साना र सेता वा हरिया-पहेँला रंगका हुन्छन् भने फलहरू पाक्दा राता वा काला हुन्छन्।
जरा: यसको जरा मोटो र गहिरो रंगको हुन्छ, जुन औषधीय प्रयोगको लागि उपयुक्त मानिन्छ।

औषधीय गुणहरू

कुकुरदाइनोमा निम्न औषधीय गुणहरू पाइन्छन्:

रक्तशोधक: यसले रगतलाई सफा गर्छ र विषालु तत्वहरू बाहिर निकाल्छ।
पाचक: यसले पाचनशक्ति बढाउँछ र कब्जियतलाई दूर गर्छ।
ज्वरनाशक: यसले तातो र ज्वरो कम गर्न मद्दत गर्छ।
वात-पित्त-कफ नियन्त्रक: यसले तीनै दोषहरू (वात, पित्त, कफ) लाई सन्तुलनमा राख्छ।
यौन रोग निवारक: यसले प्रदर, सुजाक, वीर्यदोष, रजोदोष जस्ता समस्याहरूमा लाभदायक हुन्छ।

लाभहरू

१. रक्तशुद्धि गर्छ: यसले रगतमा भएका विषादी तत्वहरू हटाउँछ।
२. पाचन बढाउँछ: यसले अग्निप्रदीपक (पाचनशक्ति बढाउने) गुण भएकोले खाना पचाउन सजिलो बनाउँछ।
३. जोड्नी दुखाइमा फाइदा गर्छ: सन्धिवात, गठिया, जोर्नी दुखाइमा यसको प्रयोगले आराम दिन्छ।
४. चर्मरोग नाशक: खटिरा, दाद, फोका जस्ता चर्मरोगहरूमा यसको धूलो वा काढा लाभदायक हुन्छ।
५. मासिकधर्म सम्बन्धी समस्या: कष्टदायक मासिकधर्म, प्रदर र अनियमित रजस्वलामा फाइदा गर्छ।
६. मानसिक रोगहरूमा उपयोगी: अपस्मार (मिर्गी), उन्माद जस्ता मानसिक रोगहरूमा यसको प्रयोग गरिन्छ।

प्रयोग विधि

१. काढा: यसको जरा वा बोक्राको काढा बनाएर दिनमा २-३ पटक सेवन गर्न सकिन्छ।
२. धूलो: जरा र बोक्रालाई सुकाएर धूलो पारेर दिनमा आधा चम्चा २ पटक (काँढा पानीसँग) लिन सकिन्छ।
३. साग: यसको कलिला पात र मुना साग बनाएर खाने गरिन्छ, जसले रक्तशोधन गर्छ।
४. लेप: चर्मरोगमा यसको पात वा जराको लेप लगाउन सकिन्छ।

संकलन र संरक्षण

संकलन: यसको जरा र बोक्रा वर्षायाम वा शरद ऋतुमा खनिएर संकलन गरिन्छ।
संरक्षण: जरा र बोक्रालाई राम्रोसँग सुकाएर एयरटाइट कन्टेनरमा राख्नुपर्छ। यसलाई सुक्खा र ओसिलो स्थानबाट टाढा राख्नुपर्छ।

निष्कर्ष

कुकुरदाइनो (Smilax ovalifolia) नेपाली जडीबुटीको एक अमूल्य सम्पदा हो। यसले विभिन्न शारीरिक र मानसिक रोगहरूको उपचारमा महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका खेल्छ। यसको रक्तशोधन, पाचन बढाउने, जोर्नी दुखाइ कम गर्ने, चर्मरोग नाशक जस्ता धेरै गुणहरूले यो आयुर्वेदिक चिकित्सामा अत्यन्तै उपयोगी बनेको छ। यसको उचित मात्रामा प्रयोग गर्दा स्वास्थ्यलाई धेरै फाइदा हुन्छ। तर, औषधिको रूपमा प्रयोग गर्दा विशेषज्ञको सल्लाह लिनु उचित हुन्छ।

Introduction to Kukurdaino

Kukurdaino is a wild climber that usually grows in hot climates and in areas situated at altitudes up to 1200 meters. The plant is known for its twisting vine-like growth and unique feature of backward-pointing thorns. These sharp reverse thorns make it stand out and help it cling onto other plants and trees for support as it climbs.

The plant’s taste is quite complex—it's slightly sweet, pungent, bitter, and leaves a tingling sensation on the tongue. Its warming nature makes it a go-to herb for balancing body energies during cold seasons or for diseases associated with ‘cold’ in Ayurvedic understanding.

Availability in Nepal and Other Countries

In Nepal:

Kukurdaino is mostly found in the middle hills, particularly in the warmer southern slopes or areas with mild forest cover. Districts like Chitwan, Makwanpur, Dhading, Lamjung, and Tanahun are known to have a good population of this herb growing naturally in the wild.

In Other Countries:

Smilax ovalifolia is also seen in parts of India, especially in the Himalayan foothills and North Eastern states like Sikkim and Assam. It may be locally known by different names such as Chopchini in Hindi and Sarpadanti in Ayurveda. Other species of the Smilax genus grow in China, Thailand, Myanmar, and tropical areas of Southeast Asia, though with slight variations in properties.

Physical Properties

Kukurdaino is a perennial climbing shrub with the following identifiable features:

Stem: Thin, woody, and full of small backward-curved thorns that help the vine climb trees and structures.
Leaves: Broad, oval, and alternately arranged. The young leaves and shoots are soft and tender.
Roots: Thick, long, and fibrous. The root is the main medicinal part, often used in dried or powdered form.
Flowers and Fruit: It blooms in small, inconspicuous greenish-white flowers followed by small dark berries.

The plant usually grows in shady, moist forest floors or hilly slopes with good organic soil.

Medicinal Properties

Kukurdaino is a multi-purpose medicinal herb with wide-ranging effects on the human body. Based on traditional use and Ayurvedic texts, as well as modern herbal knowledge, here are its primary medicinal properties:

Blood Purifier: Young leaves and shoots help detoxify the blood.
Laxative: Helps relieve constipation and promotes bowel movements.
Digestive Tonic: Increases appetite and improves digestion.
Anti-inflammatory: Used to treat joint pain, arthritis, and other swelling disorders.
Anticonvulsant: Helps in managing epilepsy and fits (known as mrigi or apasmar in Nepali).
Nerve Tonic: Beneficial in cases of paralysis and mental disorders.
Reproductive Health: Treats problems like leucorrhea (pradar), irregular menstruation (rajo dosh), and semen disorders.
Anti-venereal: Useful in treating sexually transmitted infections like syphilis (bhirangi / phirangi).
Skin Diseases: Effective for chronic skin conditions like eczema, psoriasis, and itching.

Advantages of Kukurdaino

The wide spectrum of benefits makes Kukurdaino a valuable natural remedy, especially in rural areas where access to modern medicine is limited. Its main advantages include:

Easily Available in the Wild: Grows freely in forests without the need for cultivation.
Minimal Side Effects: When taken in the right dose, it has no major negative effects.
Multi-use Plant: Both leaves and roots can be used.
Safe for Long-Term Use: Especially helpful in chronic diseases and conditions.
Affordable and Accessible: Can be collected locally and preserved for household use.

Common Uses

Here's how Kukurdaino is used traditionally and in home remedies:

Fresh Leaf Curry (Saag): The tender leaves and shoots are cooked as green vegetables. They improve blood quality and digestion.
Root Powder: The dried root is ground into powder and taken with lukewarm water for various conditions.
Herbal Decoction (Kadha): The root is boiled with water to make a herbal drink that helps in treating arthritis, epilepsy, and menstrual issues.
Paste: A paste made from its root can be applied to skin diseases and inflammations.
Mix with Honey: Powdered root mixed with honey helps in reproductive problems and mental fatigue.

Dosage and Using Method

Traditional practitioners usually recommend the following dosages:

Powder: About half a teaspoon (2.5g), twice a day with warm water.
Decoction (Kadha): Boil about 5 grams of the dried root in 1 cup of water until it reduces by half. Drink this 2 to 3 times a day.
Leaves (as food): Can be taken as part of a meal like any other leafy vegetable.

Harvesting and Preservation

Harvesting:

The roots are usually harvested during the dry season, when the plant's medicinal strength is concentrated in the underground parts.
Leaves and shoots can be picked fresh as needed, especially during spring and early summer when they’re tender.

Preservation:

The roots are washed, sliced, and sun-dried thoroughly until all moisture is gone.
Once dried, they can be stored in airtight containers in a cool, dry place for several months.
The powdered form should be stored in glass jars and kept away from light and moisture.

Proper drying and storage are key to maintaining the potency of the herb.

Conclusion

Kukurdaino (Smilax ovalifolia) may not be a household name yet, but it deserves to be. This humble climbing plant from Nepal’s mid-hills has powerful healing qualities that make it a natural treasure. From purifying the blood and clearing skin issues, to helping in joint pain, mental health, and reproductive disorders, it plays the role of a natural healer.

In a world where synthetic medicines often come with side effects, herbs like Kukurdaino offer a gentle, effective, and sustainable alternative—especially for people in rural and hilly areas. With more awareness and scientific research, this plant could find its rightful place not just in Nepal, but across the world.

If you’re someone interested in natural healing or local herbs, Kukurdaino is definitely a plant worth learning about, using, and preserving for future generations.

Reference

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