काटिएको, चुच्चो र मुलायम रहन्छ । यसको काच्चो फल अमिलो र पाकेको टर्रो स्वादको हुन्छ । यसको पात पिसी रस कानमा राख्दा नाकको रगत बग्ने ठीक हुन्छ। यसको पातको साग खाँदा पत्थरी गलेर जान्छ । यसको काच्चो फल क्षुधावर्द्धक हुन्छ र पाकेकाले रगत बढाउँछ । मात्रा : ३-५ ग्राम ३-५ पटक ।
परिचय:
काठेकार, फर्कफल, काठआँवली (Averrhoe acida) एक प्रकारको औषधीय गुण भएको बोट हो। यो बोट नेपालका विभिन्न
गुण (Properties):
- रुचिकारक: यसको काच्चो फल क्षुधावर्धक हुन्छ, जसले खाने रुचि बढाउँछ।
- रक्तवर्धक: पाकेको फलले रगत बढाउन मद्दत गर्छ।
- पथरी नाशक: यसको पातको साग खाँदा पत्थरी गलेर जान्छ।
- रक्तस्राव नियन्त्रक: यसको पात पिसी रस कानमा राख्दा नाकबाट रगत बग्ने समस्या ठीक हुन्छ।
- अम्लीय: यसको फल अमिलो हुन्छ, जसले पाचन प्रक्रियालाई सहज बनाउँछ।
फाइदा
(Advantages):
- पाचन सम्बन्धी समस्यामा: यसको फलले पाचन प्रक्रियालाई सुधार गर्छ र कब्जियत जस्ता समस्याहरूको समाधान गर्छ।
- रक्तस्राव नियन्त्रण: यसको पातको रसले नाकबाट रगत बग्ने समस्यालाई नियन्त्रण गर्छ।
- पथरी नाशक: यसको पातको सागले मूत्राशयमा बनेको पथरीलाई गलाउन मद्दत गर्छ।
- रक्तवर्धक: यसको पाकेको फलले शरीरमा रक्तको मात्रा बढाउँछ, जसले एनिमिया जस्ता रोगहरूको उपचारमा मद्दत गर्छ।
- रोग प्रतिरोधक क्षमता बढाउने: यसको फलले शरीरको रोग प्रतिरोधक क्षमता बढाउँछ।
प्रयोग (Uses):
- पाचन सम्बन्धी समस्यामा: यसको काच्चो फल खानाले पाचन प्रक्रियालाई सुधार गर्छ।
- रक्तस्राव नियन्त्रण: यसको पातको रस कानमा राख्दा नाकबाट रगत बग्ने समस्यालाई नियन्त्रण गर्छ।
- पथरी नाशक: यसको पातको साग खाँदा मूत्राशयमा बनेको पथरी गलेर जान्छ।
- रक्तवर्धक: यसको पाकेको फल खानाले शरीरमा रक्तको मात्रा बढाउँछ।
- रोग प्रतिरोधक क्षमता बढाउने: यसको फलले शरीरको रोग प्रतिरोधक क्षमता बढाउँछ।
प्रयोग विधि (Using Method):
- पाचन सम्बन्धी समस्यामा: यसको काच्चो फल ३-५ ग्राम मात्रामा दिनमा ३-५ पटक खाने गरिन्छ।
- रक्तस्राव नियन्त्रण: यसको पात पिसी रस कानमा राख्ने गरिन्छ।
- पथरी नाशक: यसको पातको साग खाने गरिन्छ।
- रक्तवर्धक: यसको पाकेको फल खाने गरिन्छ।
- रोग प्रतिरोधक क्षमता बढाउने: यसको फल नियमित रूपमा खाने गरिन्छ।
संग्रह विधि (Harvesting Method):
- पात संग्रह: यसको पातलाई बोटबाट तोडेर संग्रह गरिन्छ। पातलाई सुकाएर पनि राख्न सकिन्छ।
- फल संग्रह: यसको फललाई पाकेपछि तोडेर संग्रह गरिन्छ। फललाई सुकाएर पनि राख्न सकिन्छ।
- जरा संग्रह: यसको जरालाई बोटबाट खोलेर संग्रह गरिन्छ। जरालाई सुकाएर पनि राख्न सकिन्छ।
निष्कर्ष
(Conclusion):
काठेकार,
फर्कफल, काठआँवली (Averrhoe acida) एक महत्त्वपूर्ण औषधीय
बोट हो। यसको पात,
फल, र जरा विभिन्न
रोगहरूको उपचारमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ। यसले पाचन समस्याहरू,
रक्तस्राव नियन्त्रण, पथरी नाशक, रक्तवर्धक,
र रोग प्रतिरोधक क्षमता
बढाउने जस्ता धेरै फाइदाहरू दिन्छ।
यसको प्रयोग विधि सजिलो र
सहज छ। यसको संग्रह
विधि पनि सरल छ।
यसरी, यो बोट नेपाली
परम्परागत चिकित्सामा एक महत्त्वपूर्ण स्थान
राख्छ। यसको प्रयोगले धेरै
रोगहरूको उपचार गर्न सकिन्छ र
स्वस्थ जीवनशैली बनाउन मद्दत गर्छ।
Averrhoa acida, commonly known as bilimbi or cucumber tree,
is a tropical plant renowned for its distinctive sour fruit and a multitude of
medicinal applications. This evergreen tree belongs to the Oxalidaceae family
and is closely related to the star fruit (Averrhoa carambola). Native to
Southeast Asia, bilimbi has been integrated into various traditional medicinal
practices across different cultures.
Botanical Description
Bilimbi trees can reach up to 15 meters in height, though
they are often pruned shorter to facilitate harvesting. The tree features
pinnate leaves with numerous leaflets, and its flowers are small, fragrant, and
typically reddish or purplish in color. The fruit is oblong, measuring
approximately 4 to 10 centimeters in length, with a smooth, waxy skin that
transitions from green to yellowish-green upon ripening. The flesh is juicy and
highly acidic, making it a favored ingredient in culinary traditions for its
tart flavor.
Phytochemical Properties
Bilimbi is rich in various bioactive compounds contributing
to its medicinal properties. Notable phytochemicals include:
Flavonoids: Known for their antioxidant and
anti-inflammatory effects.
Tannins: Exhibit astringent properties, aiding in wound
healing and reducing inflammation.
Saponins: Possess antimicrobial and immune-boosting
capabilities.
Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C): Essential for immune function and
skin health.
Oxalic Acid: Contributes to the fruit's sour taste and has
been used traditionally for its cleaning properties.
Medicinal Uses and Benefits
Bilimbi has been utilized in various traditional medicinal
systems for its therapeutic benefits:
Antidiabetic Agent: Traditional practices in the Philippines
and other regions have employed bilimbi leaves and fruit extracts to manage
blood sugar levels. Studies suggest that bilimbi exhibits hypoglycemic
properties, potentially aiding in diabetes management.
Antimicrobial Properties: The fruit and leaves possess
antimicrobial activities effective against various pathogens, including
bacteria and fungi. This makes bilimbi useful in treating infections and as a
natural preservative.
Anti-inflammatory Effects: Bilimbi's anti-inflammatory
properties make it beneficial in reducing swelling and pain associated with
conditions like rheumatism and mumps. Topical application of leaf paste is a
common traditional remedy for such ailments.
Treatment of Hemorrhoids: Applying bilimbi fruit and leaf
extracts to affected areas can alleviate pain, inflammation, and bleeding
associated with hemorrhoids.
Cough and Cold Remedy: In traditional medicine, bilimbi
flowers are used to prepare syrups or infusions to relieve coughs and colds.
The expectorant properties help in clearing respiratory passages.
Skin Conditions: The astringent and antimicrobial properties
of bilimbi make it effective in treating skin issues such as acne, itching, and
skin eruptions. Applying the leaf extract or fruit juice can aid in soothing
these conditions.
Culinary Uses
Beyond its medicinal applications, bilimbi is a versatile
culinary ingredient:
Flavoring Agent: The sour fruit is used to impart tartness
to various dishes, including curries, chutneys, and soups.
Pickling: Bilimbi is commonly pickled to preserve its shelf
life and enhance its flavor profile.
Beverages: The juice is used in traditional beverages,
providing a refreshing and tangy taste.
Methods of Use
Bilimbi can be utilized in various forms depending on the
intended application:
Fresh Consumption: The raw fruit can be consumed directly,
though its high acidity may be intense for some palates.
Juice Extraction: Fresh bilimbi juice is used in beverages
or as a souring agent in recipes.
Topical Applications: Crushed leaves or fruit can be applied
as a poultice to affected skin areas to treat conditions like itching,
swelling, or insect bites.
Decoctions and Infusions: Boiling the leaves or flowers to
prepare teas can be beneficial for managing coughs, colds, and other ailments.
Cultivation and Harvesting
Bilimbi thrives in tropical climates and requires specific
conditions for optimal growth:
Climate: Prefers warm, humid environments with
well-distributed rainfall. The tree is sensitive to cold and cannot tolerate
frost.
Soil: Grows best in well-drained soils with a pH between 5.5
and 6.5. While it can adapt to various soil types, including sandy and clayey
soils, proper soil management and irrigation are crucial.
Propagation: Bilimbi can be propagated through seeds, though
vegetative methods like budding and grafting are preferred for maintaining
desired traits. Shield budding is a common practice, especially in large-scale
cultivation.
Planting: Young trees should be spaced adequately to allow
for growth and air circulation. Regular watering is essential, particularly
during dry periods.
Pruning: Regular pruning helps maintain tree height,
facilitates harvesting, and encourages healthy branching. However, excessive
pruning can suppress flowering.
Harvesting: Bilimbi trees flower and fruit throughout the
year, with peak production during certain seasons. Fruits mature approximately
50 to 60 days after flowering
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काठेकार, फर्कफल, काठआँवली, Averrhoe acida :
Kaaulo, काउलो, कोह, नाकेम, नेपाली अर्जुन, Kaulo Arjuna, Machilus dutbiei
Kaalo Punarnawaa, कालो पुनर्नवा, Black Patagon
Seti Kareli, सेती करेली, तितेकरेली राम्री, तिताकरेल, Bitter Gourd
Thulo Pahelo Kapaas, ठूलो पहेँलो कपास बिरुवा, Cotton Yellow, Gossypiun birsutam
Kapas, कपास, सूत्रपुष्प, Cotton, Gossypiun herbaceum
Thulo Karkalo, ठूलो कर्कलो, मानकन्द, माने Gaint Taro, Alocaria species
Alocaria speciesThulo Karkaloठूलो कर्कलोमानकन्दमाने Gaint Taro
Katahar, कटहर, Artocarpus beterophyllus
Bans Bata Baneko Kaagaj, बाँसबाट बनेको कागज, Paper From Bamboo
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