यसको उद्गमस्थल अस्ट्रेलिया हो र हाल नेपालको १६०० मिटरसम्म वृक्षारोपण गरिएको छ। यो जातको मसला असार - साउनमा सेतो फुल्छ । यसको यथेष्ट पुष्परस र परागको कारणले अस्ट्रेलियाको महले प्रसिद्धि पाएको छ । धमिरा नलाग्ने काठ, छिटो बढ्ने, ३०-५० मिटर अग्लो भयङ्कर विशाल रूख हुने यो जतासुकै वृक्षारोपण गरी फैलाउनुपर्छ । यसको पातबाट राम्रो अत्तर कागती बास्नाको महङ्गो पर्छ। यसको फूलको महमा ३०-३२% ग्लुकोज, ३८-४२% फ्रुक्टोज, १.५ ५.१% शुक्रोज, १४% पानी र अन्य पदार्थ पाइन्छ । पाकेको रसिलो भूमिअनुसार यसको फूलमा ५१
परिचय
कागतीगन्धे
मसाले रूख (Eucalyptus
camaldulensis) एक विशाल, छिटो बढ्ने र
धमिरा नलाग्ने गुण भएको वृक्ष
हो। यसको उत्पत्ति अस्ट्रेलियामा
भएको हो भने हाल
नेपाल लगायत विश्वका धेरै देशमा यसको
खेती गरिन्छ। यसको पातबाट कागती
जस्तो बास्ना आउने भएकाले यसलाई
"कागतीगन्धे"
भनिन्छ। यसको फूल, पात,
र बोक्रा आयुर्वेदिक चिकित्सामा प्रयोग गरिन्छ भने यसको मह
(हनी) पनि धेरै पौष्टिक
मानिन्छ।
नेपाल र अन्य देशमा
उपलब्धता
कागतीगन्धे
मसाले रूख नेपालको तराई
देखि १६०० मिटर सम्मको
उचाइमा पाइन्छ। यो रूख विशेष
गरी सुक्खा र उष्ण जलवायु
भएका ठाउँमा राम्रोसँग फस्टाउँछ। नेपालको चितवन, नवलपरासी, काठमाडौं उपत्यका, पोखरा लगायत विभिन्न स्थानमा यसको रोपण गरिएको
पाइन्छ। अस्ट्रेलिया, भारत, पाकिस्तान, अमेरिका, दक्षिण अफ्रिका, मध्य पूर्व र
युरोपका केही भागमा पनि
यसको खेती गरिन्छ।
भौतिक गुणहरू
- यो रूख ३०–५० मिटर अग्लो हुन्छ।
- यसको बोक्रा खैरो र खस्रो हुन्छ, जुन समय बित्दै जाँदा फाट्ने गर्दछ।
- पातहरू लामा, चिल्लो र सुगन्धित हुन्छन्।
- फूलहरू सेतो रङ्गका हुन्छन् र असार-साउन महिनामा फुल्छन्।
- यसको काठ कडा र टिकाउ हुन्छ, जसले गर्दा यसलाई फर्नीचर, भवन निर्माण र इन्धनको रूपमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ।
औषधीय गुणहरू
कागतीगन्धे
मसाले रूखको विभिन्न भागहरूमा निम्न औषधीय गुणहरू पाइन्छन्:
- ज्वरनाशक (Antipyretic): यसले तातो र ज्वरलाई कम गर्न मद्दत गर्दछ।
- कफनाशक (Expectorant): यसको पात र फूलले कफ, सर्दी, र श्वासप्रश्वास समस्यामा राम्रो लाभ दिन्छ।
- रोगाणुनाशक
(Antiseptic): यसको
तेल (अत्तर) चोटपटक र घाउमा लगाउन मद्दत गर्दछ।
- पाचक (Digestive): यसले पाचन प्रणालीलाई सुधार गर्छ।
- मधुमेह नियन्त्रक
(Antidiabetic): यसको
फूलको मह (हनी) मधुमेह नियन्त्रण गर्न मद्दत गर्दछ।
फाइदा
- यसको पातबाट निकालिएको तेल (युकालिप्टस तेल) सुगन्धित, औषधीय र कीटनाशकको रूपमा प्रयोग हुन्छ।
- यसको काठले धमिरा नलाग्ने भएकाले दीर्घकालीन उपयोगका लागि उपयुक्त हुन्छ।
- यसको मह (हनी) पौष्टिक हुन्छ र यसमा ३०-३२% ग्लुकोज, ३८-४२% फ्रुक्टोज र अन्य पोषक तत्वहरू पाइन्छन्।
- यसले वातावरण सफा पार्न मद्दत गर्दछ र मच्छर तथा अन्य कीटहरूको प्रकोपलाई कम गर्दछ।
प्रयोग विधि
१. पातको चूर्ण:
- १–२ ग्राम चूर्ण पानी वा ततैयामा मिसाएर दिनमा २ पटक सेवन गर्नाले कफ, ज्वर र श्वासप्रश्वास समस्यामा फाइदा गर्दछ।
२. अत्तर (तेल):
- १–२ बुँदा नाकमा हाल्नाले सर्दी र नाक बन्द हुने समस्यामा आराम दिन्छ।
- घाउमा लगाउनाले संक्रमण कम हुन्छ।
३. फूलको मह (हनी):
- १–२ चम्चा मह खानाले शरीरमा ऊर्जा बढाउँछ र रोगप्रतिरोधक क्षमता विकास गर्दछ।
४. बोक्राको काढा:
- १०–१५ ग्राम बोक्रा उमालेर काढा बनाएर पिउनाले पेटका रोगमा फाइदा गर्दछ।
उत्पादन र संरक्षण
- यसको बीउबाट नयाँ रूख उमार्न सकिन्छ।
- पातहरू असार-साउनमा फूल फुल्ने बेलामा एकत्र गर्न उपयुक्त हुन्छ।
- पातलाई छायाँमा सुकाएर एयरटाइट कन्टेनरमा राख्नुपर्छ।
- फूलहरूबाट मह निकाल्न राम्रो बजार मूल्य पाउन सकिन्छ।
निष्कर्ष
कागतीगन्धे
मसाले रूख (Eucalyptus
camaldulensis) एक बहुउपयोगी रूख हो जसले
औषधीय, आर्थिक र वातावरणीय फाइदा
प्रदान गर्दछ। यसको पात, फूल,
बोक्रा, र मह स्वास्थ्यका
लागि धेरै उपयोगी छन्।
नेपालमा यसको व्यापक रूपमा
खेती गर्नाले किसानहरूको आम्दानी बढाउन सकिन्छ भने प्राकृतिक औषधीको
रूपमा पनि यसले ठूलो
भूमिका खेल्न सक्छ। त्यसैले, यसको संरक्षण र
विस्तार गर्नुपर्छ।
Eucalyptus camaldulensis, commonly known as the River Red
Gum or कागतीगन्धे मसाले रूख in Nepali, is a
remarkable tree with a rich history and a multitude of uses. Originating from
Australia, this species has found a home in various parts of the world,
including Nepal, where it thrives up to altitudes of 1,600 meters. Its rapid
growth, towering presence, and aromatic leaves have made it a subject of
interest for both ecological and medicinal purposes.
Introduction
The River Red Gum is an iconic Australian tree that has been
introduced to numerous countries due to its adaptability and economic value. In
Nepal, it is known as कागतीगन्धे
मसाले रूख, a name that reflects
its lemon-scented leaves. The tree's ability to grow quickly and its resistance
to pests have contributed to its widespread cultivation.
Availability in Nepal and Other Countries
Originally from Australia, Eucalyptus camaldulensis has been
successfully introduced to various regions worldwide, including Africa, the
Americas, Europe, and Asia. In Nepal, it is commonly found up to elevations of
1,600 meters, particularly in the Terai region. The Butwal Plywood Factory's
forestry program has played a significant role in promoting its cultivation
since 1985, planting it alongside other species to meet timber demands and
support local communities.
Physical Properties
This evergreen tree can reach heights of up to 45 meters,
boasting a straight trunk and a dense canopy of narrow, lance-shaped leaves. Its
bark is smooth and white or cream-colored, shedding in thin strips to reveal a
pale trunk. During the flowering season, which occurs between June and July,
the tree produces clusters of creamy-white flowers that are rich in nectar,
attracting various pollinators. The fruit is a woody capsule containing
numerous small seeds.
Medicinal Properties
Eucalyptus camaldulensis is renowned for its medicinal
benefits, primarily due to the essential oils extracted from its leaves. These
oils contain compounds like 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol), which exhibit
antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Traditionally,
the leaves have been used to treat respiratory ailments, wounds, and fungal
infections. The essential oil is also known to alleviate symptoms of colds and
flu, reduce fevers, and relieve muscle and joint pain
Advantages
- Rapid
Growth: The tree's fast-growing nature makes it a valuable resource
for timber and fuelwood.
- Pest
Resistance: Its natural resistance to pests reduces the need for
chemical pesticides.
- Soil
Improvement: The tree's leaf litter contributes organic matter to the
soil, enhancing fertility.
- Erosion
Control: Its extensive root system helps stabilize soil, preventing
erosion.
Uses
- Timber
and Plywood: The durable wood is utilized in construction, furniture
making, and plywood production.
- Essential
Oils: Extracted from the leaves, the oil is used in pharmaceuticals,
cosmetics, and aromatherapy.
- Honey
Production: The nectar-rich flowers support apiculture, producing
honey with a distinct flavor.
- Traditional
Medicine: Various parts of the tree are used to treat ailments like
colds, fevers, and respiratory issues.
- Fuelwood:
The wood serves as an efficient source of fuel in many communities.
Using Methods
- Essential
Oil Inhalation: Adding a few drops of eucalyptus oil to hot water and
inhaling the steam can relieve nasal congestion.
- Topical
Application: Diluted eucalyptus oil can be applied to the skin to
alleviate muscle pain and insect bites.
- Teas
and Gargles: Infusions made from the leaves can soothe sore throats
and reduce coughs.
Harvesting and Preservation
Leaves can be harvested throughout the year for essential
oil extraction. It's advisable to collect mature leaves for higher oil content.
After harvesting, leaves should be dried in a shaded, well-ventilated area to
preserve their essential oils. For timber, trees are typically harvested after
8-10 years of growth. Proper seasoning of the wood is essential to enhance its
durability and resistance to cracking.
Conclusion
Eucalyptus camaldulensis stands as a testament to nature's versatility, offering a plethora of benefits ranging from medicinal properties to economic advantages. Its successful cultivation in Nepal and other countries underscores its adaptability and value. By understanding and harnessing the potential of this remarkable tree, communities can continue to reap its benefits for generations to come.
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