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कुट्की (Gentian)

16:53

वैज्ञानिक नाम: Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora (Pennell) D.Y. Hong

परिवार: Scrophulariaceae

परिचय:

कुट्की एक बहुवर्षीय (बारम्बार उम्रने) वनस्पति हो। यो मुख्यतया

उच्च हिमाली भेगमा पाइन्छ। कुट्कीको प्रकन्द (जरा समान भाग) निकै दरिलो र लामो हुन्छ, जुन प्रायः जमीनमुनि अथवा जमीनको सतहसँग समानान्तर फैलिएको हुन्छ। यसको प्रकन्दबाट जरा पलाएर फैलिन्छन्। यसका पातहरू जमीनको सतहमा गुजमुज्ज भएर पलाएको झुप्पामा (रोजेट) हुन्छन्। पातहरू करौंती आकारका (अण्डाकार) हुन्छन्, र पातको किनारामा मसिनो दाँते किनारा हुन्छ।

यसका फूलहरू नीलो-प्याजी रङका हुन्छन्, जुन पातको झुप्पाबाट माथि उठेको पुष्पक्रम (फूलको डाँठ) मा फुल्छन्। फूलहरू झुप्पामा लागेर सुन्दर देखिन्छन्।

उपलब्धता र प्राकृतिक वितरण:

कुट्की नेपालका उच्च हिमाली क्षेत्रहरूमा ३६०० मिटरदेखि ४८०० मिटर उचाइसम्म पाइन्छ। यो वनस्पति विशेषतः उत्तर फर्किएको ढलान, खुल्ला ओसिलो ढिस्को, चट्टान, र बुट्यान क्षेत्रहरूमा पाइन्छ। कुट्की चिसो र ओसिलो वातावरणलाई रुचाउँछ र हिमाली पहाडमा यसले आफ्नो प्राकृतिक वासस्थान बनाएको छ।

सङ्कलन समय र व्यापारमा प्रयोग हुने भाग:

• सङ्कलन समय: कुट्कीको व्यापारका लागि यसको जरा (प्रकन्द) सङ्कलन गर्ने उत्तम समय मंसिरदेखि माघसम्म हो।

• व्यापारमा प्रयोग हुने भाग: कुट्कीको प्रकन्द (जरा) व्यापारमा प्रमुख रूपमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ। यसको औषधीय गुणका कारण यसको जरा धेरै महत्त्वपूर्ण मानिन्छ।

व्यापारमा प्रयोग हुने भागबारे सामान्य जानकारी:

कुट्कीको सुकेको प्रकन्द (जरा) खैरो रङको, करिब ६० से.मी. लामो र काष्ठिल (दरलो) प्रकृतिको हुन्छ। यसको टुक्राहरू चाख्दा तितो र टर्रो हुन्छ। यसमा आँख्लाहरू प्रस्ट देखिन्छन्। सुकेपछि यसको आकार सानो औंलाजत्रो हुन्छ।

प्रयोग, गुण, र फाइदाहरू:

कुट्कीका जरा विभिन्न रोगहरूको उपचारमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ। यसको प्रमुख औषधीय गुणहरू निम्न प्रकार छन्:

• ग्यास्ट्राइटिस: कुट्की पेटका समस्याहरूको उपचारमा अत्यन्त उपयोगी मानिन्छ। यसले पाचन प्रक्रियालाई सुधार गर्छ र पेटमा ग्यास वा एसिडिटीको समस्या कम गर्छ।

• जुकानाशक: कुट्कीको प्रयोग शरीरमा रहेका जुकाहरूको उपचार गर्न गरिन्छ। यसको एण्टीहेल्मिन्टिक गुणले आन्द्राभित्र रहेका परजीवीहरूलाई निष्काशन गर्न मद्दत गर्छ।

• पित्तसम्बन्धी समस्या: कुट्कीलाई पित्तसम्बन्धी रोगहरू, जस्तै पित्तको असन्तुलन र कलेजो तथा पित्ताशयका समस्याहरूमा उपयोगी मानिन्छ। यो पित्तलाई सन्तुलनमा राख्न मद्दत गर्छ।

• कफोत्सारक (कफ निकाल्ने): कुट्की कफ निकाल्न उपयोगी छ। यसले श्वासप्रश्वास प्रणालीमा रहेको कफलाई बाहिर निकाल्न सहयोग गर्छ।

• ज्वरो: कुट्कीको प्रयोग ज्वरो कम गर्न पनि गरिन्छ।

• मुटुको टनिक: कुट्कीलाई मुटुको लागि शक्ति बढाउने टनिकको रूपमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ। यसले मुटुको कार्यक्षमता बढाउँछ र हृदय स्वास्थ्यलाई सुधार गर्छ।

संरक्षणको अवस्था वा व्यापारिक महत्त्व:

कुट्कीको माग नेपाल र अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय बजारमा निकै उच्च छ, विशेष गरी यसको औषधीय गुणका कारण। तर, यसको जथाभावी संकलनले कुट्कीको जनसङ्ख्या घट्ने सम्भावना बढेको छ।

Introduction:

Kutki, scientifically mentioned as Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora, is an herb that thrives in high-altitude conditions with perennial growth tendencies. This plant has powerful, elongated rhizomes that grow on top of the soil level or sometimes very superficially grow in the earth. These rhizomes are rigid with small, coarse roots forming from nodes at their lengths. Leaves of the plant are in a basal rosette: leaves all grow together in a dense cluster close to the ground. The leaves are spatulate to ovate: spoon-shaped or egg-shaped. Serrated or sometimes doubly serrated are the leaf margins.

The flowers developed by Kutki are blue-violet in colour and grow on the flowering stalk (inflorescence) rising from the cluster of leaves. Flowers in clusters are found to bloom, giving a vibrant colour to the plant during its flowering season.

Availability and Natural Distribution in Nepal:

It grows in the high altitude of Nepal ranging from 3,600 to 4,800 feet above sea level. Generally, it is found on north-facing slope areas that are usually open, moist, and rocky. The natural habitats reported include stony slopes, rocky outcrops, and shrublands from all parts of the Himalayas. Kutki prefers the cool, humid climate with scattered habitat in mountainous terrain.

Harvesting Time and Parts Used in Trade:

Harvesting Time: Collection is best during November and December.

Part Used in Trade: The rhizome and root are the two major plant parts collected and traded in commerce. Rhizomes of Kutki enjoy a great demand because of their medicinal value.

Description of Traded Part:

The rhizomes of Kutki are brown in color, 60 cm in length, woody, and crystalline with a resemblance to a small finger. They bear nodes in their whole body. The taste is acerbic, sour, and bitter. Even after drying up, they are firm and hence usually are cut into pieces for trading and other purposes.

Uses, Properties, and Benefits:

The application of kutki is extended to a broad spectrum, majorly in Ayurveda and traditional medicine. Some of the main applications are hereby mentioned.

Gastritis: Kutki finds its excellence in treating diseases relating to the digestive system, particularly gastritis. The bitter constituent of the plant excites digestion, therefore relieving the discomfort of stomach inflammation.

Anthelmintic - Worm Expellant: Kutki is mainly used as a helminthic agent for the expulsion of intestinal worms due to its antiparasitic action, which is found quite handy for expelling parasites from the intestines.

Bile-Related Disorders: Kutki is especially helpful in the treatment of bile-related disorders. According to Ayurveda, it normalizes the dosha of Pitta and helps in liver and gallbladder disorders.

Expectorant: It acts as an expectorant, facilitating the removal of mucus from the respiratory system. It is used primarily for coughs and bronchitis.

Pyrexia: The antipyretic property of Kutki makes it effective against pyrexia.

Heart Tonic-Kutki is a drug given as a tonic to the heart, reinforcing cardiovascular action and giving vigour to the heart. Conservation Status or Commercial Importance:

Kutki is one of the high-demand herbs in both domestic and international markets for its medicinal properties. However, its collection from the wild has been tightly regulated in Nepal. To be precise, its collection and trade are under the observation of the Department of Plant Resources and the Department of Forests. Only after proper taxonomic identification of the species as Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora and proper assessment of the natural and harvestable stock in the wild is it allowed to be wild-harvested and traded.

Exports of Kutki outside Nepal are also regulated, accordingly. Such export can be allowed only in fulfillment of these regulatory conditions so that over-harvesting of the plant does not take place and the population of the herb remains sustainable.

Reference

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