चिराइतो, चिरैतो, तिते (Chiretta) ~ NepalAyurveds.com

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चिराइतो, चिरैतो, तिते (Chiretta)

14:56

बैज्ञानिक नाम: Swertia chirayita

परिवार: Gentianaceae

अन्य नाम: चिराइतो, चिरैतो, तिते

चिराइतो एक औषधीय जडीबुटी हो, जुन नेपालमा विशेष गरी हिमाली क्षेत्रमा

पाइन्छ। यसको स्वाद अत्यन्तै तितो हुन्छ, जसले गर्दा यसलाई “तितो” भनेर चिनिन्छ। यो ६० देखि १५० से.मी. अग्लो बिरुवा हो जसको मुख्य काण्ड जमिनमाथि एकदमै सिधा र अग्लो हुन्छ। चिराइतोको जरा अकाष्ठीय वा काष्ठीय हुन सक्छ, गोलाई ०.५ देखि १.५ से.मी. र लम्बाई ५ देखि १० से.मी. हुन्छ। बिरुवाका पातहरू विपरित रूपमा पलाउँछन् र तल्लो भागका पातहरू माथिल्लो भागका पातभन्दा ठूला हुन्छन्।

उपलब्धता र वितरण

चिराइतो शीतोष्ण हिमालय क्षेत्रमा पाइने वनस्पति हो। यो विशेष गरी १५०० देखि ३००० मिटरको उचाईमा, आर्द्रता बढी भएका खुल्ला र ओसिलो जङ्गल र खेतबारीको छेउमा पाइन्छ। नेपालमा यो पूर्वदेखि पश्चिमसम्मका ५० भन्दा बढी पहाडी र हिमाली जिल्लाहरूमा फेला पर्छ।

सङ्कलन समय र व्यापारमा आउने भाग

चिराइतोको मुख्य भाग पूरै बिरुवा हो, जुन कात्तिकदेखि मंसिरसम्म संकलन गरिन्छ। बिरुवाको काण्डको तल्लो भाग बेलन आकारको हुन्छ भने माथिल्लो भाग चार पाटा परेको हुन्छ, र हरेक कोणमा स्पष्ट रेखा देख्न सकिन्छ। यो बिरुवा अत्यन्तै तितो हुन्छ, जसले गर्दा यो औषधीय प्रयोगमा बढी महत्त्वपूर्ण छ।

औषधीय गुणहरू र प्रयोग

चिराइतोको सम्पूर्ण भाग औषधीय गुणले भरिपूर्ण हुन्छ। तर, यसको जरा विशेष रूपमा औषधीय रूपमा महत्त्वपूर्ण मानिन्छ। यसको प्रमुख औषधीय गुणहरूमा ज्वरो कम गर्ने, पेट सफा गर्ने, कफ हटाउने, पाचन सुधार गर्ने, जुकानाशक, कलेजोको सुरक्षा गर्ने, र रक्तशर्करा नियन्त्रण गर्ने क्षमता छन्। चिराइतोको तितो स्वादले गर्दा यसलाई वियर उद्योगमा वैकल्पिक तितो पदार्थको रूपमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ। साथै, यसलाई औलो (मलेरिया) जस्ता रोगहरूको उपचारमा पनि प्रयोग गरिन्छ, जहाँ बिरुवाका पात र काण्डको टुक्रा चपाइन्छ वा पानीमा उमालेर पिउने गरिन्छ।

संरक्षणको अवस्था

नेपाल सरकारले चिराइतोको खेती र संरक्षणलाई प्राथमिकतामा राखेको छ, किनकि यसको माग अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय बजारमा धेरै छ र यसले स्थानीय अर्थतन्त्रमा पनि महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका खेल्छ।

Chiraito, or more commonly referred to as Chiretta, is a highly valued medicinal herb that grows in Nepal. It has gained many nicknames for its extremely bitter taste, one of them being "Tite," which is the Nepali word for bitter. The species being considered mostly grows with one single main above-ground stem between 60-150 cm in height. The roots are woody or non-woody, 0.5 to 1.5 cm thick, 5 to 10 cm long. Leaves are opposite, elliptic, larger at the base compared to those on top of the plant.

Availability and Distribution

Chiretta is native to the temperate Himalayas, especially flourishing in high humidity between elevations of 1500 to 3000 meters. It grows openly on moist forest grounds and around open areas of cultivated lands. In Nepal, it is distributed across 50 hilly and mountainous districts ranging from eastern to western regions.

Harvesting Time and Parts Used in Trade

Trade-harvesting is normally practiced between November and December. The whole plant is gathered for trade. The root is spindle-shaped at the base, quadrangular towards the apex. At each angle of the stem is drawn a distinct line. One peculiar feature of the herb is that it is intensely bitter and hence in great demand for its medicinal use.

Medicinal Properties and Uses

Chiraito is reported to possess a wide range of pharmacological activities. While the whole plant possesses medicinal values, its root is particularly effective. Traditionally, it is used against fever, bronchial asthma, liver disorders, anthelminthic, expectorant, antiperiodic, hypoglycemic, and laxative.

Bitter in nature, Chiraito finds its application in the brewing industry as a replacement for other bitter ingredients in the making of beer. Its positive effects on the liver have also been documented in various researches. In folk medicine, the plant is used in the treatment of malaria. Small pieces of leaves are chewed with the stem, or its water is boiled and taken.

Conservation Status

Due to its high demand in the international markets, Government of Nepal has focused on the cultivation and conservation of Chiraito. Its medicinal properties have made it an important economic resource; efforts are being made to ensure that it is conserved for sustainable harvesting practices so as not to get over-exploited.

Properties and Benefits of Chiraito

Fever Reduction: Chiraito has been used for reducing fever in traditional medicine and has gained much popularity in areas with poorly developed medical facilities.

Liver Care: Studies show that Chiraito is hepatoprotective, helping the liver against damage.

Antidiabetic: Hypoglycemic action is of great value in maintaining blood sugar levels and hence useful for diabetic patients.

Digestive Aid: The bitterness of Chiraito stimulates the digestive system and increases appetite, therefore of immense help for patients suffering from indigestion.

Malaria Treatment: Chiraito treats malaria. Leaves and the stem are chewed or brew to extract the drug from it.

Methods of Use

Decoction: The most common method of using Chiraito is decoction. Pieces are usually boiled in water, and the resultant liquid is drunk to reduce fever, digestive problems, and disorders of the liver.

Chewing: Some chew small pieces of the leaves or stem to release the medicinal benefits of Chiraito in fever or malaria cases. The dried plant is also ground into a powder form that one mixes with water or honey for easy consumption.

Among the natural resources of Nepal, Chiraito is outstanding for its valuable medicinal properties. Its taste can be hugely bitter and hence not likable by all, but the therapeutic properties it contains place it as an imperative herb in traditional medicine. The time now requires more awareness of and demand for nature-based remedies; hence, this valuable herb needs sustainable harvesting and conservation.

Reference

Hindi To Nepali Dictionary Words Starting From बो

100 Common Nepali Slang Words with Hindi Translation: A Fun Guide to Understanding Nepali Conversations

Bridging Cultures: Daily Use Hindi Sentences in Parties with Nepali Meaning

Daily Hindi Sentences for Kids with Nepali Translations: A Simple Guide

Daily Office Sentences: Essential Hindi-Nepali Translations for Everyday Use

Daily Use Hindi Sentences for Parents with Nepali Meanings: A Guide for Everyday Conversations

Daily Use Hindi Sentences for Students with Nepali Meaning

Essential Daily Sentences for Market Conversations: Hindi to Nepali and Vice-Versa

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