ओखर (Walnut) ~ NepalAyurveds.com

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ओखर (Walnut)

14:43

वैज्ञानिक नाम: Juglans regia L.

परिवार: Juglandaceae

परिचय:

ओखर एउटा ठूलो पतझड रूख हो, जुन ३० मिटरसम्म

अग्लो हुन्छ। यसको बोक्रा खैरो रंगको हुन्छ र गहिरो चिरा परेको देखिन्छ। ओखरको पात संयुक्त हुन्छ, जसमा ५ देखि १३ वटा साना पातहरू हुन्छन्। पातहरूको लम्बाइ ६ देखि २० सेन्टिमिटर र चौडाइ ३ देखि ७ सेन्टिमिटर हुन्छ। पातको किनारा सिधा हुन्छ। ओखरको फूल फागुनदेखि चैत्रसम्म फुल्छ भने फल वैशाखदेखि असोजसम्म फल्याउँछ।

उपलब्धता र प्राकृतिक वितरण:

ओखर नेपालभर १२०० देखि ३००० मिटर उचाइसम्म पाइन्छ। यसले हिमाली र पहाडी क्षेत्रहरूको चिसो मौसममा राम्रोसँग विकास गर्छ। नेपालको स्थानीय ओखर दुई प्रकारका हुन्छन्। पहिलो हाडे ओखर, जसको कडा बोक्रा हुन्छ। दोस्रो दाँते ओखर, जसलाई पर्सियाली ओखर पनि भनिन्छ, यो सफ्ट-सेल भएको किसिम हो र व्यापारमा बढी प्रचलित छ।

सङ्कलन समय र व्यापारमा प्रयोग हुने भाग:

• सङ्कलन समय: कार्तिकदेखि मंसिरसम्म

• व्यापारमा प्रयोग हुने भाग: फल र काण्डको बोक्रा व्यापारमा प्रयोग हुने मुख्य भागहरू हुन्। फल ओखरको मुख्य भाग हो, जबकि काण्डको बोक्रा औषधीय र रंग बनाउन प्रयोग हुन्छ।

व्यापारमा प्रयोग हुने भागहरूको सामान्य विवरण:

ओखरको फलको बोक्रा गाढा खैरो वा हल्का कालो रंगको हुन्छ र यसले अलिकति गन्ध दिन्छ। काण्डको बोक्रा खैरो रंगको हुन्छ, लामो सिधा धर्साहरू भएको र विशेष गन्ध नभएको हुन्छ। बोक्राको मोटाई करिब ०.३ से.मी. हुन्छ।

प्रयोग, गुण, र फाइदाहरू:

• फल: ओखरको फल खाने गरिन्छ। ओखरमा प्रोटिन, ओमेगा-३ फ्याटी एसिड, एन्टिआक्सिडन्ट्स जस्ता पोषक तत्व हुन्छन्, जसले मुटु र मस्तिष्कको स्वास्थ्यलाई सुधार गर्न मद्दत गर्छ। यसलाई काँचै वा भुटेर खाइन्छ र विभिन्न परिकारहरूमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ।

• बोक्रा: ओखरको बोक्राबाट प्राकृतिक रंग निकालिन्छ। यसले विभिन्न कपडा र सामग्रीहरूलाई स्थायी रंग दिने गर्छ।

• औषधीय गुण: ओखरको फल र बोक्रा औषधीय गुणले भरिएको हुन्छ। यसको प्रयोग परम्परागत रूपमा बाथ, छालासम्बन्धी रोगहरूको उपचारमा गरिन्छ।

संरक्षणको अवस्था:

नेपाल सरकारले ओखरको काण्डको बोक्राको सङ्कलन, ओसारपसार, व्यापार र निर्यातमा पूर्ण प्रतिबन्ध लगाएको छ।

Introduction:

Okhar or walnut is a wide-branched deciduous tree that grows up to 30 meters tall. The bark is brown, deeply furrowed, and with straight vertical cracks, giving it a rugged look. The leaves of the Okhar tree are compound; there are several small leaflets attached to one stalk. Each leaf will have 5-13 leaflets, with leaves typically being about 6-20 centimeters in length and 3-7 centimeters in width. The margins are smooth with straight edges.

Okhar flowers between the months of March to April, respectively, Falgun, and Chaitra months in Nepal. Its fruits, the walnuts, mature and are ready for harvest from May to October, thus providing an important crop in the Himalayan region. The nut is enclosed in a green husk that brown and black as it ripes and dries.

Availability and Natural Distribution in Nepal:

Walnut is naturally distributed in Nepal between 1,200 and 3,000 meters elevation. Being a temperate tree, it grows best in mountainous areas where the generally cool climate offers an ideal habitat. Two main varieties exist in Nepal, namely hard-shelled walnut, and this is the local type-variety called Hade Okhar. These walnuts are harder to crack and have thicker and stronger shells. The second type is the soft-shelled walnut, more common in Persian varieties, known as Dante Okhar in Nepal. Soft-shelled varieties are easier to open and more preferred for commercial purposes.

Harvesting Time and Parts Used in Trade:

Harvesting Time: Walnuts and their husks are collected during November to December of each year in the English calendar and Kartik to Mangsir in the Nepali calendar.

Part Used in Trade: The fruit-that is, the walnut-and the bark of the stem are the most commercially significant parts used in trade. Similarly, the fruit and the bark have different values for different uses in various industries.

General Description of the Traded Parts:

The fruit carp or husk of walnut is dark brown in colour, with a slight shade of black. It emits a faint, yet distinct smell, which is most noticeable when fresh. Inside the walnut, there is a hard shell, while the edible kernel is the most valuable part of the fruit, which comes out after cracking. The bark is brown in color, having long, straight, horizontal lines or cracks in it. There is no particular smell, the texture is rough, and slightly thick around 0.3 centimeters in width. All the bark and walnut husk are traded, though the fruit is much more valuable in the market.

Uses, Properties and Benefits:

Fruit: The fruits of walnut are eaten. Walnuts are a good source of omega-3 fatty acids, proteins, antioxidants, and other nutrients that are quite beneficial for the heart as well as for the brain. Walnuts are eaten raw or roasted, and they go into the making of many baked goods, desserts and also savory dishes.

It is used in the production of natural dyes. Traditionally, barks from walnut trees were able to produce variable rich browns and black dyes for coloration in several textiles and other materials. It makes a very enduring dye that doesn't discolor easily; it is one of those valuable resources sought in traditional textile production.

Husk Fruit Carp: This is considered a natural detergent. People have been using it for washing clothes and even skin because of its natural tendencies to clean things. Medicinal properties are also found in the husk, which is used in various folk remedies related to different diseases.

Medicinal Value: The walnut tree, along with its fruit and bark, is used in folk medicine. The walnut fruit itself promotes the health of the brain, aids cardiovascular functions, and also acts as an anti-inflammatory agent. The bark is utilized in Ayurvedic and traditional medicine for treating various ailments, though currently, it is limited because of its conservation policy.

Conservation Status or Commercial Importance:

The Government of Nepal has imposed strict control on the collection, transportation, trade, and export of walnut tree barks. Due to the severe resource depletion caused by over-exploitation of walnut bark in the past, the government has imposed a total ban on its commercial exploitation. However, fruit remains an important agricultural commodity, especially in hilly parts of Nepal, where walnut farming plays a very important role in the local economy.

Even after the ban on bark collection, the fruit of walnut has continued to be a major item of produce both for local consumption and export. Walnut is an important commercial tree species in Nepal, especially in places like the mid-hills with appropriate climate and elevation for walnut cultivation. Recently, an initiative has been taken to promote sustainable farming of walnut for ecological balance with livelihood support at the local level.

Reference

Hindi To Nepali Dictionary Words Starting From बो

100 Common Nepali Slang Words with Hindi Translation: A Fun Guide to Understanding Nepali Conversations

Bridging Cultures: Daily Use Hindi Sentences in Parties with Nepali Meaning

Daily Hindi Sentences for Kids with Nepali Translations: A Simple Guide

Daily Office Sentences: Essential Hindi-Nepali Translations for Everyday Use

Daily Use Hindi Sentences for Parents with Nepali Meanings: A Guide for Everyday Conversations

Daily Use Hindi Sentences for Students with Nepali Meaning

Essential Daily Sentences for Market Conversations: Hindi to Nepali and Vice-Versa

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