NepalAyurveds.com: Trema orientale

Madhise Khari, मधिसे खरी, कुयल, Charcoal Tree, Trema orientale

यो उष्ण तथा समशीतोष्ण जलवायुमा पाइन्छ । यो मझौला रूख, हरियो फुल्ने, फल पाकेपछि कालो, पात लगभग १०-१५ से.मि. लामो र चौडा ५-७ से.मि., बोक्रा पातलो खैरो हुन्छ । यसको बोक्रा टेनिनको स्रोत हो। यसको पातले अर्श, कब्ज, गानोगोला, आउँ - पखाला, सङ्ग्रहणी, छालाका रोग, रगत खराबी इत्यादिमा अचुक उपचार गरी सन्चो बनाउँछ । मात्रा : सबै भागको काँढापानी

१/१ गिलास, अर्क : १०-२० ग्राम, लेदो/चूर्ण ३-५ ग्राम, भस्म : २-३ ग्राम २-३ पटक ।

परिचय

मधिसे खरी (Trema orientale) नेपालमा पाइने एक औषधीय गुण भएको वनस्पति हो। यसलाई अंग्रेजीमा "Charcoal Tree" भनिन्छ भने नेपालीमा कुयल, मधिसे खरी आदि नामले चिनिन्छ। यो उष्ण र समशीतोष्ण जलवायु भएका क्षेत्रमा पाइने गर्छ। यो रूख नेपालका तराई, पहाडी क्षेत्र तथा अन्य दक्षिण एशियाई मुलुकहरूमा प्राकृतिक रूपमा फैलिएको छ। यसको बोक्रा, पात, र फूलहरूमा औषधीय गुणहरू पाइन्छन्, जसले गर्दा यो पारम्परिक चिकित्सामा धेरै प्रयोग गरिन्छ।

नेपाल र अन्य देशहरूमा उपलब्धता

मधिसे खरी नेपालको तराई, चुरे पहाड, मध्य पहाडी क्षेत्र तथा हिमाली क्षेत्रको निचला भागमा पाइन्छ। यो भारत, बंगलादेश, श्रीलंका, म्यानमार, थाइल्याण्ड, इन्डोनेसिया, अफ्रिका र अष्ट्रेलियाका केही भागहरूमा पनि पाइन्छ। यो वनस्पति जंगल, खाली ठाउँ, नदी किनार, बाटो छेउछाउ तथा अनुपजाऊ जमिनमा पनि सजिलै उम्रन सक्छ।

भौतिक गुणहरू

यो मझौला आकारको रूख हो, जसको उचाई ५–१० मिटर सम्म हुन सक्छ।
यसको बोक्रा पातलो, खैरो र खस्रो हुन्छ।
पातहरू हरिया, १०–१५ सेन्टिमिटर लामा र ५–७ सेन्टिमिटर चौडा हुन्छन्।
फूलहरू साना हरिया वा पहेँला रंगका हुन्छन्।
फल पाकेपछि कालो रंगको हुन्छ।

औषधीय गुणहरू

मधिसे खरीमा निम्न औषधीय गुणहरू पाइन्छन्:

टेनिन (Tannin): यसको बोक्रामा टेनिन भरपूर मात्रामा पाइन्छ, जसले घाउ, पेट दुखाइ, र संक्रमण नियन्त्रण गर्न मद्दत गर्छ।
एन्टीइन्फ्लामेट्री (Anti-inflammatory): यसले सुन्निएको ठाउँ, गाँठो, जोर्नी दुखाइ, र सूजन कम गर्छ।
एन्टिब्याक्टेरियल (Antibacterial): यसले जीवाणुजन्य रोगहरू लाग्नबाट जोगाउँछ।
एन्टिडायरियल (Antidiarrheal): यसले पखाला, आउँ, र सङ्ग्रहणी जस्ता रोगहरू नियन्त्रण गर्छ।
रक्तशोधक (Blood Purifier): यसले रक्तलाई सफा गरेर छालाका रोग, फोक्सो, र एक्ने जस्ता समस्याहरू हटाउँछ।

फाइदा

अर्श (पाइल्स) र कब्जियतमा राम्रो उपचार।
गानोगोला, सूजन, र घाउको उपचार।
पेट दुखाइ, आउँ, पखाला, र सङ्ग्रहणीमा प्रभावकारी।
छालाका रोगहरू (एक्जिमा, खटिरा, दाद) निको पार्न मद्दत गर्छ।
मधुमेह (डायबिटिज) नियन्त्रण गर्न सहयोगी।

प्रयोग विधि

मधिसे खरीको विभिन्न भागहरू निम्न प्रकारले प्रयोग गरिन्छ:

काढा:

बोक्रा वा पातको १०–२० ग्राम लिएर १ गिलास पानीमा उमाल्ने।
१/४ गिलास बाँकी हुँदा छानी दिनको २-३ पटक सेवन गर्ने।

चूर्ण:

सुकेको बोक्रा वा पातलाई पिँधेर ३–५ ग्राम चूर्ण गरि पानीसँग सेवन गर्ने।

भस्म:

बोक्रा जलाएर भस्म बनाउने र २–३ ग्राम मात्रामा शहद वा पानीसँग लिने।

लेप:

पातलाई पिसेर घाउ, सूजन, वा छालाका रोगमा लगाउने।

उत्पादन र संरक्षण

यसको बोक्रा, पात, र फलहरू औषधीय प्रयोजनका लागि संकलन गरिन्छ।
बोक्रा र पातलाई छायाँमा सुकाएर एयरटाइट कन्टेनरमा राख्नुपर्छ।
फल पाकेपछि कालो हुने भएकाले यसलाई पाक्न दिनुपर्छ र सुकाएर भण्डारण गर्नुपर्छ।

निष्कर्ष

मधिसे खरी (Trema orientale) नेपालमा सजिलै पाइने, धेरै औषधीय गुण भएको महत्त्वपूर्ण वनस्पति हो। यसले अर्श, पेटका रोग, छालाका समस्या, र रक्त विकारहरूमा राम्रो उपचार गर्छ। यसको सही प्रयोगले धेरै रोगहरूबाट बच्न सकिन्छ। तर, औषधीय प्रयोग गर्दा आयुर्वेदिक चिकित्सकको सल्लाह लिनुपर्छ। यसको संरक्षण र सतत उपयोगले नेपाली पारम्परिक चिकित्सालाई अझ बलियो बनाउन सक्छ।

Introduction

Madhise Khari, known locally in Nepal by names like मधिसे खरी, कुयल, and globally as the Charcoal Tree, is a lesser-known but highly valuable plant in traditional medicine and natural healing. Scientifically called Trema orientale, this small to medium-sized tree is native to tropical and subtropical regions and plays a quiet but impactful role in rural health, especially in Nepal and surrounding countries.

Despite its common use in traditional treatments, it's not widely commercialized, which means it retains its place as a community medicine rather than a mainstream product. With powerful medicinal properties packed in its bark, leaves, and other parts, Madhise Khari has gained attention from researchers and herbal medicine users alike.

Availability in Nepal and Other Countries

Madhise Khari thrives in warm (tropical) and mild (subtropical) climates, which is why it is commonly found across the Terai, mid-hill, and lower Himalayan regions of Nepal. It naturally grows in open spaces, forest edges, roadsides, and fallow lands, and is considered a fast-growing pioneer species.

Beyond Nepal, this plant is also found in India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, and several parts of Africa. It does well in areas with plenty of sunlight and moderate rainfall, and because it grows fast and doesn’t need much care, it is often used in reforestation and erosion control projects.

Physical Properties

Trema orientale is a medium-sized deciduous tree, typically growing up to 10 to 15 meters in height. The tree has the following identifiable features:

Leaves: Simple, alternate leaves that are about 10 to 15 cm long and 5 to 7 cm wide. They are usually oval in shape with pointed tips and have rough surfaces.
Flowers: Small, greenish in color, and not very showy. These usually bloom during the warmer months.
Fruits: After flowering, the tree produces small black fruits. These are berry-like and are known to attract birds.
Bark: The bark is thin and grayish-brown, and is an important source of tannins, used in traditional medicine and leather tanning.
Wood: Lightweight and soft, which makes it suitable for charcoal production—hence the common name “Charcoal Tree.”

Medicinal Properties

Madhise Khari is packed with bioactive compounds that make it a powerful traditional remedy. These include flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, and phenolic compounds. These elements give it anti-inflammatory, astringent, laxative, and antimicrobial properties.

Traditional uses in Nepali communities reveal a wide range of health benefits:

Anti-hemorrhoidal (for piles) – The leaves are boiled and used to treat arsh (piles).
Laxative effect – It helps relieve constipation by softening stools and improving digestion.
Antidiarrheal and anti-dysentery – Very effective for diarrhea, dysentery, and irritable bowel issues (sangrahani).
Skin treatment – Applied externally to manage itchiness, skin inflammation, and rashes.
Blood purifier – Regular consumption helps detoxify the body and purify the blood.
Throat and tonsil infections (ganogola) – Its decoction helps reduce throat swelling and infections.

These traditional claims are now being supported by some scientific studies that highlight Trema orientale's potential as a natural medicine for gastrointestinal and inflammatory issues.

Advantages

Madhise Khari offers several advantages, especially in regions with limited access to modern healthcare:

Easily Available – Found in forests and rural areas without needing commercial cultivation.
Multi-purpose – Used for medicine, charcoal production, firewood, and reforestation.
Eco-friendly – Grows fast and helps prevent soil erosion.
Non-toxic – Safe in small traditional doses with no major side effects reported.
Affordable – An excellent alternative for those who cannot afford expensive treatments.

Uses

Different parts of the Madhise Khari tree are used for different medicinal purposes:

Leaves: Used to treat piles, constipation, skin diseases, and diarrhea.
Bark: Source of tannins, used as an astringent and for wound healing.
Fruits: Occasionally used for treating throat infections and to stimulate appetite.
Roots and stems: Sometimes boiled for use in traditional decoctions to treat fever and body pain.

This plant is most commonly used in rural Ayurvedic and folk medicine, but is also gaining interest in modern herbal research for its antioxidant and antibacterial effects.

Using Method

Here are some traditional preparation and dosage methods as commonly practiced in Nepal:

Kadha (Decoction): Boil leaves or bark in water and drink one cup (approx. 250 ml) once or twice a day for piles, constipation, or skin diseases.
Arka (Extract): Extract of the plant can be taken in a dose of 10–20 grams for internal cleansing.
Churna (Powder): Dried leaves or bark are powdered and consumed in 3–5 grams dosage mixed with honey or water.
Bhasma (Ash): Burnt ash of the plant can be taken in 2–3 grams dosage for digestive disorders.
Paste for External Use: Crushed leaves or bark mixed with water to make a paste for applying to skin infections, boils, or rashes.

Harvesting and Preservation

Harvesting

Leaves are best collected during the growing season (spring to early summer) when the plant is most vibrant.
Bark should be harvested carefully to avoid killing the tree. Only strips of bark should be removed, and the tree should be allowed time to regenerate.
Fruits are collected when fully ripened and black in color.

Preservation

Drying: Leaves and bark should be dried in shade to preserve the active compounds.
Storage: Store in airtight containers, away from moisture and direct sunlight.
Shelf life: Properly dried and stored parts can last up to 6 to 12 months.

To maintain its medicinal strength, never dry or store the plant parts in plastic bags or under direct sun.

Conclusion

Madhise Khari (Trema orientale), or the Charcoal Tree, may look like just another plant growing on the roadside, but it holds a world of healing power in its leaves and bark. Used for generations in Nepal to treat common yet serious health problems like piles, diarrhea, constipation, and skin issues, this tree is a perfect example of how nature provides simple solutions to complicated problems.

Its easy availability, eco-friendly growth, and low-cost treatment options make it a highly valuable plant, especially in rural and under-resourced communities. As more people turn back to nature for wellness, herbs like Madhise Khari deserve a closer look—not just as "local cures" but as genuine natural remedies backed by tradition and emerging science.

If you're interested in exploring natural healing, keeping Madhise Khari in your herbal toolkit could be a wise and rewarding choice.

Reference

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