NepalAyurveds.com: Panicum miliaceum

Thulo Kaaunu, ठूलो काउनु, ठूलो कागुन, चीना, Hog Millet, Panicum miliaceum

यो ५-७ फिट अग्लो, सेतो फुल्ने, बालामा गेडा लाग्ने समशीतोष्ण जलवायुमा उत्तम खेती हुन्छ । यसको स्वाद मिठो र स्वभाव : शामक । औषधीय उपयोग : यसको गेडा दर्दनाशक, मज्जावर्द्धक, गर्भवतीलाई उपयोगी, वातव्याधिनाशक, मलमूत्र शुद्धिकर मानिन्छ । यसको नल - डाँठ गुलियो हुन्छ । चुस्दा अम्लपित्त,

कमलपित्त र आन्द्राको घाउ सन्चो गर्छ । यसको डाँठबाट गुलियो निस्कन्छ ।

परिचय

ठूलो काउनु (वैज्ञानिक नाम: Panicum miliaceum) एक प्रकारको समशीतोष्ण जलवायुमा उम्रने अन्नधान्य हो। यसलाई नेपालमा "ठूलो काउनु," "ठूलो कागुन," वा "चीना" भनेर चिनिन्छ। यो धान्य ५ देखि ७ फिटसम्म अग्लो हुने, सेतो फूल फुल्ने र बालामा गेडा लाग्ने विशेषताको हुन्छ। यसको स्वाद मिठो र स्वभाव शामक (दिमाग शान्त पार्ने) मानिन्छ। यो नेपालको पहाडी तथा हिमाली क्षेत्रमा पाइने एक महत्त्वपूर्ण फसल हो।

नेपाल र अन्य देशमा उपलब्धता

ठूलो काउनु नेपालको मध्य पहाडी (१५०० देखि २५०० मिटर) क्षेत्रमा धेरै पाइन्छ। खासगरी कर्णाली, गण्डकी, बागमती, लुम्बिनी प्रदेशमा यसको खेती गरिन्छ। नेपाल बाहेक यो भारत, चीन, रूस, युक्रेन, अमेरिका, युरोपेली देशहरूमा पनि उत्पादन हुने गरेको छ। यसलाई सुक्खा तथा न्यानो हावापानीमा उमार्न सकिन्छ।

शारीरिक विशेषताहरू

उचाई: ५ देखि ७ फिटसम्म अग्लो हुन्छ।
पात: लामा र नलीजस्ता हरिया पात हुन्छन्।
फूल: सेतो रंगको सानो फूल फुल्छ।
बाला: बालामा साना गेडा (दाना) लाग्छन्, जुन पाकेपछि सुनौलो वा खैरो रंगको हुन्छ।
डाँठ: यसको डाँठ गुलियो हुन्छ र चुस्दा मीठो स्वाद आउँछ।

औषधीय गुणहरू

ठूलो काउनुको विभिन्न भागहरूमा निम्न औषधीय गुणहरू पाइन्छन्:

दर्दनाशक: यसको गेडाले शरीरको दर्द कम गर्छ।
मज्जावर्द्धक: यसले हड्डी र मांसपेशीहरू बलियो बनाउँछ।
गर्भवती महिलाका लागि उपयोगी: यसले गर्भावस्थामा पोषण दिन्छ।
वातव्याधिनाशक: जोड्ने दुखाइ, सुन्निने र वातजन्य रोगमा फाइदा गर्छ।
मलमूत्र शुद्धिकर: पेट सफा गरी कब्जियत र आन्द्राको समस्यामा उपयोगी छ।
अम्लपित्त र कमलपित्त नाशक: यसको डाँठ चुस्दा पेटको अम्लता र पित्त सम्बन्धी समस्या कम हुन्छ।
घाउ सन्चो पार्ने: आन्द्राको घाउ र पेटको जलनमा राम्रो असर गर्छ।

फाइदाहरू

शरीरमा शक्ति र ऊर्जा बढाउँछ।
पाचन प्रणालीलाई सुधार्छ।
हड्डी र दाँतलाई मजबूत बनाउँछ।
गर्भवती महिलाको स्वास्थ्यका लागि उत्तम छ।
मानिसहरूलाई शान्त र निद्रामा सहयोग गर्छ।

उपयोग विधि

दानाको उपयोग: यसको दानालाई धान्यको रूपमा पकाएर खाने गरिन्छ।
डाँठ चुस्ने: यसको डाँठ चुस्दा अम्लपित्त र पेटको जलन कम हुन्छ।
काढा बनाउने: यसको बीउ वा जरा उमालेर काढा बनाइन्छ, जसले वातव्याधि कम गर्छ।
पीठो बनाउने: यसको दानालाई पिँधेर रोटी वा दलिया बनाइन्छ।

कटाइ र संरक्षण

कटाइ: यो बाला पाकेपछि काटिन्छ। सामान्यतया असोज-कार्तिक महिनामा यसको कटाइ गरिन्छ।
संरक्षण: यसको दानालाई सुकाएर हावा नलाग्ने भाँडोमा राख्नुपर्छ। यसरी राख्दा यो लामो समयसम्म खराब हुँदैन।

निष्कर्ष

ठूलो काउनु नेपालको पहाडी क्षेत्रमा पाइने एक महत्त्वपूर्ण औषधीय तथा पौष्टिक अन्नधान्य हो। यसले न केवल खाद्यान्नको रूपमा पोषण दिन्छ, तर यसका विभिन्न भागहरूले औषधीय गुणसमेत प्रदान गर्छन्। यसको उचित उपयोगले मानिसहरूको स्वास्थ्यलाई धेरै फाइदा पुर्याउँछ। त्यसैले, यसको खेतीलाई बढावा दिएर नेपालीहरूको स्वास्थ्य र अर्थतन्त्र दुबैमा सकारात्मक प्रभाव पार्न सकिन्छ।

Introduction

Thulo Kaaunu, also known as Hog Millet or Panicum miliaceum, is a traditional grain widely used in Nepal and various parts of the world. Known for its resilience and adaptability, this plant has been cultivated for centuries due to its excellent nutritional benefits and medicinal properties. In Nepal, it is often referred to as "ठूलो काउनु," "ठूलो कागुन," or "चीना" in different regions. Its ability to thrive in temperate climates and its nutritious grains make it a valuable resource for both food and medicine.

Availability in Nepal and Other Countries

Thulo Kaaunu is commonly found in Nepal’s mountainous and subtropical regions, where the climate is ideal for its cultivation. It grows best at altitudes between 1,000 and 2,000 meters above sea level. The plant thrives in areas with moderate rainfall and cooler temperatures, making it well-suited to Nepal’s diverse agro-climatic zones.

Internationally, this millet is grown in various parts of Asia, Africa, and even some parts of Europe. It is considered a drought-resistant crop, which makes it a staple in areas where water scarcity is a concern. In other countries, such as India, China, and parts of Africa, Hog Millet is a traditional food staple and is grown for its health benefits, particularly in regions with poor soil quality and low water availability.

Physical Properties

Thulo Kaaunu is a tall grass, reaching a height of about 5 to 7 feet. It has slender, upright stems that produce dense clusters of flowers at the top, which eventually yield small, round grains. The plant produces white flowers, which bloom during the flowering period. The grain itself is small and typically pale yellow or white when harvested.

The plant has narrow, elongated leaves that grow in an alternating pattern along the stem. Its seeds are rich in carbohydrates and contain significant amounts of protein, fiber, and essential fatty acids. The plant has a robust root system that allows it to withstand dry conditions, and it is often grown as a hardy crop in poor soils.

Medicinal Properties

Thulo Kaaunu is highly regarded for its medicinal properties, particularly in traditional Ayurvedic and folk medicine. The grains, leaves, and stems of the plant are all used for various health benefits.

Pain Relief: The seeds of Thulo Kaaunu are known for their pain-relieving properties. They are often used in the treatment of joint pain and other types of body pain.
Strengthening the Nervous System: The plant has been found to have neuroprotective properties, helping to strengthen the nervous system. It is especially beneficial for improving overall brain health and memory.
Digestive Aid: The seeds are also known for their ability to alleviate digestive issues. They help soothe the stomach, heal ulcers, and treat conditions like acid reflux or gastric ulcers (Amlapitta).
Benefits for Pregnant Women: Thulo Kaaunu is considered safe and beneficial for pregnant women. It is believed to nourish both the mother and the fetus, promoting a healthy pregnancy.
Purification of Blood: The plant is known to have a detoxifying effect on the body. Its properties help in purifying blood and improving overall health.

Advantages of Thulo Kaaunu

Nutritional Value: Thulo Kaaunu is a rich source of complex carbohydrates, proteins, and dietary fiber, making it an excellent addition to any balanced diet. The grain is also rich in essential minerals like iron, magnesium, and phosphorus.
Resilience: One of the major advantages of Thulo Kaaunu is its drought resistance. It can survive in arid conditions and poor soil, making it an ideal crop for regions with water scarcity.
Medicinal Benefits: As previously mentioned, Thulo Kaaunu provides several health benefits, from pain relief to improving digestive health and treating conditions like ulcers.
Sustainable Farming: This plant does not require extensive agricultural inputs, making it an environmentally friendly option. Its cultivation is less resource-intensive compared to other crops like rice and wheat.

Uses of Thulo Kaaunu

Thulo Kaaunu is primarily used as a food crop. The grains are consumed in various ways, including:

As a Staple Food: The grains are ground into flour and used to make porridge, bread, and other traditional dishes.
Animal Feed: The plant is also used as fodder for livestock, especially in rural areas where other animal feed options may be limited.
Medicinal Preparations: As noted, the plant has several medicinal uses, and its leaves and grains are often made into herbal concoctions for various health benefits.
Cultural Use: In many parts of Nepal, Thulo Kaaunu is considered a symbol of prosperity and good fortune. It is often used in religious rituals and festivals.

Using Method

The seeds of Thulo Kaaunu are typically harvested when they are fully matured. After harvesting, the grains are separated from the husks by threshing. The cleaned grains can be stored for long periods and can be cooked in various ways, such as boiling, roasting, or grinding into flour.

For medicinal purposes, the seeds are often boiled in water, and the resulting solution is consumed to treat various ailments, including digestive issues and pain. The juice extracted from the stems of the plant is also consumed to relieve acidity and improve digestion.

Harvesting and Preservation

Thulo Kaaunu is typically harvested after 3 to 4 months of growth. The plant is cut when the grains have fully ripened and turned a golden color. The process involves:

Cutting the Plants: Once the grains have matured, the plants are cut at the base.
Threshing: The seeds are separated from the rest of the plant by threshing, which is usually done by hand or using simple tools.
Drying: After threshing, the seeds are dried under the sun to prevent mold or mildew from forming.
Storage: The dried seeds are stored in airtight containers to preserve their freshness and prevent insect infestation.

For medicinal purposes, the leaves, stems, and roots are harvested separately. These parts of the plant are dried and stored in cool, dry places to maintain their medicinal properties.

Conclusion

Thulo Kaaunu (Hog Millet) is a versatile and highly beneficial plant that holds significant value in both the culinary and medicinal realms. Its resilience in harsh conditions makes it a crucial crop in regions with limited water and poor soil. With its rich nutritional profile and numerous health benefits, it is a staple in many traditional diets and a valuable resource in herbal medicine. Cultivating Thulo Kaaunu offers sustainable agricultural benefits while providing essential food and medicine for those who rely on it. Its use in modern farming and medicine shows great promise in addressing some of the challenges faced by communities in Nepal and other countries around the world.

Reference

दतिवन Washerman’s Plant (Achyranthes aspera अपामार्ग): Benefits, Uses, and Medicinal Properties

ज्योतिष्मती Jyotishmati (Black Oil Tree) – Intellect Tree (Celastrus paniculatus) Benefits, Uses, and Medicinal Properties

लाली गुराँस Lali Gurans (Rhododendron campanulatum) – Benefits, Uses, and Medicinal Properties of Rhododendron

Kooth (Saussurea Lappa) – कूठ Benefits, Uses, and Medicinal Properties of Costus Root

काने झार Commeline Benghalensis (Kane Jhaar) – Medicinal Uses, Benefits, and Overview

गिँदरी Premna Serratifolia L. (Gindari): Benefits, Medicinal Uses, and Importance

पाञ्चान Ougeinia oojeinensis (Paanchan): तिनिश Medicinal Uses, Benefits, and Ecological Importance

बोके टिमुर Zanthoxylum Armatum (Boke Timur) Benefits, Uses, and Medicinal Properties

ठूलो नीम Thulo Neem: महारूख Medicinal Benefits, Uses, and Natural Remedies

सिउँडी Siudi (Euphorbia Neriifolia) Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, and Medicinal Properties

काठेकार, फर्कफल, काठआँवली, Averrhoe acida :