यो उष्ण तथा समशीतोष्ण क्षेत्रमा २-३ फिट अग्लो पाइन्छ । यसको काण्ड - हाँगाबिँगा र पात रस/लेदोले घाउ-खटिरा सन्चो गराउँछ । यसको अर्कले सुन्निएको र दुखेकोमा लाभ पुऱ्याउँछ । अर्कले दाँत,
परिचय
कालो
कुरो (वैज्ञानिक नाम: Bidens pilosa),
अंग्रेजीमा Black Jack भनिन्छ, यो एक प्रकारको
जङ्गली बुटी हो जुन
नेपाल लगायत विश्वका धेरै उष्ण तथा
समशीतोष्ण क्षेत्रहरूमा पाइन्छ। यसको वानस्पतिक विशेषताहरू
र औषधीय गुणका कारण यसलाई पारम्परिक
चिकित्सामा धेरै प्रयोग गरिन्छ।
यसको रसायनिक संरचनाले विभिन्न रोगहरूको उपचारमा महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका खेल्छ।
नेपाल र अन्य देशहरूमा
उपलब्धता
कालो
कुरो नेपालको तराई, पहाड र हिमाली
क्षेत्रहरूमा २००० मिटर सम्मको
उचाइमा पाइन्छ। यो बुटी विशेष
गरी बाटो किनार, खाली
ठाउँ, खेतबारी र जंगलको छेउछाउमा
स्वतः उम्रन्छ। नेपाल बाहेक यो भारत, चीन,
जापान, अफ्रिका, अमेरिका, अस्ट्रेलिया लगायत विश्वभर पाइन्छ। यसले विभिन्न जलवायु
अनुकूलन गर्न सक्ने क्षमता
राख्छ।
भौतिक गुणहरू
- उचाइ: २ देखि ३ फिट सम्म अग्लो हुन्छ।
- पात: यसका पातहरू हरिया, सेतो रौंजस्ता केसरिएका हुन्छन् र किनारा दाँतेदार हुन्छ।
- फूल: सेतो वा पहेँलो रंगका साना फूलहरू फुल्छन्।
- फल: फलमा काँडा जस्ता साना टुक्राहरू हुन्छन् जसले वस्त्र वा जनावरको छालामा टाँसिन्छन्।
- जरा: यसको जरा पातलो र मूलतया धेरै शाखाबिहीन हुन्छ।
औषधीय गुणहरू
कालो
कुरोमा निम्न औषधीय गुणहरू पाइन्छन्:
- रोग प्रतिरोधक: यसले शरीरको प्रतिरक्षा प्रणालीलाई बढाउँछ।
- ज्वरनाशक: यसले तातो र ज्वरो घटाउँछ।
- दुखाई नाशक: यसले सुनिने र दुख्ने समस्याहरूमा आराम दिन्छ।
- घाउ सन्चो पार्ने: यसको रसले घाउ, खटिरा र चोटलाई चाँडो ठीक गर्छ।
- मुख रोग नाशक: यसले दाँत, कान दुख्ने, मुखको घाउ र जिब्रोको समस्यामा फाइदा गर्छ।
फाइदाहरू
- घाउ, खटिरा, चोटलाई सन्चो पार्छ।
- दुखाई, सुनिने समस्यामा आराम दिन्छ।
- मुखको स्वास्थ्य र दाँतको रोग नियन्त्रण गर्छ।
- पेट सम्बन्धी समस्याहरूमा उपयोगी छ।
- ज्वरो, सर्दी-खोकीमा प्रभावकारी छ।
प्रयोग विधि
कालो
कुरो निम्न प्रकारले प्रयोग गर्न सकिन्छ:
- रस/लेदो: ३-५ ग्राम रसलाई घाउमा लगाउनाले घाउ सन्चो हुन्छ।
- अर्क: १०-१५ ग्राम अर्क दुखाइमा प्रयोग गर्न सकिन्छ।
- भस्म: १-३ ग्राम भस्म औषधिको रूपमा खाने।
- काढा: पातको काढा बनाएर पिउने।
- मुख कुल्ला: यसको पानीले मुख धुने गरेमा मुखका घाउहरू ठीक हुन्छन्।
कटाइ र संरक्षण
- कटाइ: कालो कुरो वर्षायाममा राम्रोसँग फुल्ने गर्छ। यसलाई फूल्ने बेलामै काट्नु उत्तम हुन्छ।
- संरक्षण: यसलाई छायामा सुकाएर भण्डारण गर्न सकिन्छ। सुकेको बुटीलाई एयरटाइट कन्टेनरमा राख्नुपर्छ।
निष्कर्ष
कालो
कुरो (Bidens pilosa) एक बहुउपयोगी जडीबुटी
हो जसले विभिन्न रोगहरूको
उपचारमा महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका खेल्छ। यसको सजिलै उपलब्धता
र प्रभावकारी औषधीय गुणले गर्दा यो पारम्परिक चिकित्सामा
धेरै प्रयोग हुन्छ। यसको उचित प्रयोगले
स्वास्थ्य समस्याहरूबाट छुटकारा पाउन सकिन्छ। तर,
औषधिको रूपमा प्रयोग गर्दा मात्रा र विधिको ध्यान
दिनु आवश्यक छ।
यसरी
कालो कुरोले प्राकृतिक रूपमा स्वास्थ्य रोगहरूको उपचार गर्ने क्षमता राख्छ र यसको संरक्षण
र सही उपयोगले मानिसहरूको
जीवनस्तरमा सुधार ल्याउन सक्छ।
Introduction
Bidens pilosa, commonly known as Kaalo Kuro in Nepali, and
referred to as Black Jack, Beggar's Ticks, or Spanish Needle in English, is a
herbaceous plant belonging to the Asteraceae family. Native to the Americas, it
has proliferated across tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, including
Nepal, where it thrives in diverse ecological zones. Traditionally, Bidens
pilosa has been esteemed for its medicinal properties, culinary uses, and
ecological adaptability.
Availability in Nepal and Other Countries
In Nepal, Bidens pilosa is prevalent across various
elevations, particularly between 700 to 2,000 meters. It commonly inhabits
moist, open, and neglected areas such as fields, roadsides, and wastelands . The
plant's resilience allows it to flourish in diverse climatic conditions, making
it a ubiquitous presence in the Nepalese landscape.
Globally, Bidens pilosa is found in regions including
Africa, Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. Its adaptability has led to
its classification as an invasive species in certain areas, yet it remains a
valuable resource in traditional medicine and agriculture
Physical Properties
Bidens pilosa is an annual herb that can grow up to 1.8
meters tall. The plant features branched stems with opposite leaves that are
pinnately divided into three to five leaflets. Its small flowers consist of
yellow disc florets surrounded by white ray florets. The plant produces
distinctive black, barbed seeds (achenes) that easily adhere to clothing and
animal fur, facilitating widespread dispersal .
Medicinal Properties
Bidens pilosa is renowned for its extensive medicinal
applications, attributed to its rich phytochemical composition. The plant
contains over 200 identified compounds, including flavonoids, polyacetylenes,
terpenes, and phenolic acids . These constituents confer a range of
pharmacological activities:
- Anti-inflammatory
and Antimicrobial: Effective against various infections and
inflammations.
- Antidiabetic
and Antihypertensive: Helps regulate blood sugar and pressure levels.
- Antioxidant
and Immunomodulatory: Enhances immune response and combats oxidative
stress .
- Wound
Healing: Accelerates the healing process of cuts and ulcers
Advantages
The advantages of Bidens pilosa are manifold:
Accessibility: Grows abundantly in various
environments, making it readily available.
- Versatility:
Utilized in treating over 40 ailments, ranging from digestive issues to
skin conditions .
- Nutritional
Value: Rich in proteins, vitamins, and minerals, contributing to
dietary needs .
- Economic
Potential: Serves as a cost-effective alternative to conventional
medicines, especially in resource-limited settings.
Uses
Bidens pilosa is employed in various forms
- Culinary:
Young leaves and shoots are consumed as vegetables, added to salads, or
brewed into herbal teas.
- Medicinal:
Used to treat wounds, infections, digestive disorders, and chronic
diseases like diabetes and hypertension.
- Cosmetic:
Incorporated into skincare products for its anti-aging properties .
Methods of Use
The plant's versatility allows for multiple preparation
methods:
- Fresh
Juice: Applied topically to wounds for healing.
- Decoction:
Boiled leaves consumed to alleviate digestive issues.
- Infusion:
Steeped leaves used as a general health tonic.
- Powdered
Form: Dried and ground plant parts ingested to treat various ailments.
- Ash
Preparation: Burned plant material consumed in small quantities for
neurological benefits
Harvesting and Preservation
Optimal harvesting occurs when the plant is mature but
before seed dispersal. Post-harvest, the plant should be air-dried at room
temperature until moisture content reduces to approximately 5.14%, ensuring a
longer shelf life and preservation of bioactive compounds . Storage should be
in a cool, dry place to prevent microbial growth.
Conclusion
Bidens pilosa, or Kaalo Kuro, stands as a testament to the profound potential of traditional medicinal plants. Its extensive range of applications, from culinary to therapeutic, underscores its significance in both local and global contexts. As research continues to unveil its myriad benefits, Bidens pilosa is poised to play an increasingly vital role in natural medicine and sustainable healthcare practices.
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