NepalAyurveds.com: कुमकुम धुप Didymocarpus pedicellatus

Kum Kum Dhup, कुमकुम धुप Didymocarpus pedicellatus

यो ५००-२५०० मिटरको पहरामा पाइन्छ । यो पहाडका जङ्गलहरूमा र ढुङ्गा - पत्थरिलो चट्टानमा बैशाख जेठतिर उम्रने ज्यादै सुन्दर राम्रो लाग्ने साउनमा जराबाट कोपिलामा गुटुमुटु परेको पात उल्टोतिर लाम्चो आकार सिम्रिकजस्तो देखिने औँलाले छुदा लपक्कै धूलो आउने आधा फिट अग्लो

सुगन्ध दिने धूप बास्ना छर्ने कुमकुम बुटी हो । असोज कार्तिकमा उल्टोतिर सेतो अर्को सुल्टोतर्फ पहेँलो भएर सुक्छ । जरा माटोको मुखसम्म रातो ५ सर्प गुडुल्किएको जस्तो ७-१० अङ्गुल फुलेर फल ५-७ कोसा लागेरभित्र आलसको गेडाको समान तर सानो हुन्छ । रातो, सेतो, पहेँलो फुलेर झपक्क, जरा फुस्रो मसिना हुन्छन् । असोजतिर फलको बीज, भार सुक्छ । जब अति राम्रो कोपिला पात नबन्दै जमिनमा माटोसँग टाँसिएर सुन्दर देखिन्छ। यो अत्यन्त राम्रो सुगन्धित धूपलाई सबैले प्रयोग गरौं । औषधीय उपयोग : यसले क्षयरोग, भिरङ्गी- फिरङ्गी, छालाका रोग, अर्बुद, फोक्सोज्वर, श्वासनलीको क्यान्सरलाई सन्चो बनाउँछ । यसले दम-खोकीमा लाभ गर्छ, ज्यादा दुख्नेमा, वात-व्याधि इत्यादिमा विशेष उपचार गराउँछ साथै वातावरण शुद्ध पार्न सहयोग पुऱ्याउँछ । यसको काम गोकुलधुपझैँ हुन्छ । मात्रा : अत्तर ३-५ थोपा, काँढापानी १ गिलास, अर्क : १०-१५ ग्राम, भस्म : १-२ ग्राम, लेदो / चूर्ण २-३ ग्राम २-३ पटक । यो पिसेर लगाउने र अर्क लेपन पनि गर्नाले छालाका खतरा समस्याबाट बच्न सकिन्छ ।

१. परिचय

कुमकुम धुप (Didymocarpus pedicellatus) नेपालको पहाडी क्षेत्रमा पाइने एक सुगन्धित जडीबुटी हो। यसको सुगन्ध धूपजस्तो हुने भएकाले यसलाई "कुमकुम धुप" भनिन्छ। यो बुटी निकै सानो र सुन्दर हुन्छ भने यसको औषधीय गुणले धेरै रोगहरूको उपचार गर्न सकिन्छ। यसले वातावरण शुद्ध पार्न पनि मद्दत गर्छ। नेपाली संस्कृति र आयुर्वेदमा यसको ठूलो महत्त्व रहेको छ।

२. नेपाल र अन्य देशहरूमा उपलब्धता

कुमकुम धुप नेपालको ५०० देखि २५०० मिटर उचाइसम्म पाइने गर्छ। यो विशेष गरी पहाडी जंगल, ढुङ्गाला छेउछाउ र चट्टानी भूभागमा उम्रन्छ। यो बुटी बैशाख-जेठ महिनामा उम्रन थाल्छ र साउनमा यसको पातहरू फैलिन्छन्। असोज-कार्तिकमा यसले फूल फुल्छ र फल लाग्छ। नेपालका साथै यो भारत, भूटान, चीन (तिब्बत) लगायत हिमाली क्षेत्रहरूमा पनि पाइन्छ।

३. भौतिक गुणहरू

यसको बोट आधा फिट (१५-२० सेमी) अग्लो हुन्छ।
पातहरू सिम्रिकको जस्तै लाम्चा, उल्टोतर्फ फर्किएका हुन्छन्। पातलाई औँलाले छोएमा धूलोजस्तो पदार्थ निस्कन्छ।
फूलहरू सेतो, पहेँलो र रातो रंगका हुन्छन्।
जरा माटोको सतहमै रातो रंगको हुन्छ र सर्पको गुडुलीजस्तो घुमेर बढ्छ।
फल सानो, आलसको गेडाजस्तो हुन्छ र यसमा साना बीजहरू हुन्छन्।
यसको बास्ना धूपजस्तो सुगन्धित हुन्छ।

४. औषधीय गुणहरू

कुमकुम धुपमा निम्न औषधीय गुणहरू पाइन्छन्:

एन्टिब्याक्टेरियल र एन्टिभाइरल गुणले संक्रमण रोक्छ।
एन्टिइन्फ्लामेटरी गुणले सुन्ने र दुखाइ कम गर्छ।
एन्टिक्यान्सर प्रभावले क्यान्सरको जोखिम घटाउँछ।
एन्टिअक्सिडेन्ट गुणले शरीरलाई फ्री रेडिकलबाट बचाउँछ।
एक्सपेक्टोरेन्ट गुणले खोकी, दम र श्वासप्रश्वास समस्यामा राम्रो असर गर्छ।

५. फाइदाहरू

क्षयरोग (TB) को उपचारमा सहयोगी।
छालाका रोग (एक्जिमा, दाद, खटिरा) लाई निको पार्छ।
अर्बुद (ट्युमर) को वृद्धि रोक्न मद्दत गर्छ।
फोक्सोको ज्वरो र श्वासनलीको समस्यामा प्रभावकारी।
वात-व्याधि (जोड्ने दुखाइ, गाउँ दुख्ने) लाई शान्त पार्छ।
वातावरण शुद्ध पार्ने गुणले घर वा मन्दिरमा धूपको रूपमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ।

६. प्रयोग विधि

कुमकुम धुपलाई निम्न तरिकाले प्रयोग गर्न सकिन्छ:

अत्तर (तेल): ३-५ थोपा काँढापानीमा मिसाएर सेवन गर्नाले श्वासप्रश्वास समस्या कम हुन्छ।
अर्क (काढा): १०-१५ ग्राम अर्क पिउनाले पेट र फोक्सोको रोगमा फाइदा गर्छ।
भस्म (पाउडर): १-२ ग्राम भस्म गर्म पानीसँग सेवन गर्नाले जोर्नी दुखाइमा आराम दिन्छ।
लेप: पिसेर छालामा लगाउनाले खटिरा, एक्जिमा जस्ता छाला समस्याहरू निको हुन्छन्।
धूपको रूपमा: सुकाएर धूप बनाएर जलाउनाले वातावरण शुद्ध हुन्छ।

७. उत्पादन, संकलन र संरक्षण

संकलन समय: यसको जरा, पात र फूल असोज-कार्तिकमा संकलन गर्न उपयुक्त हुन्छ।
सुकाउने तरिका: संकलन गरेपछि छायाँमा सुकाउनु पर्छ। धूपमा सुकाउनाले यसको गुण कम हुन सक्छ।
संरक्षण: सुकेपछि एयरटाइट कन्टेनरमा राख्नु पर्छ। यसलाई सुख्खा ठाउँमा राख्नाले लामो समयसम्म प्रयोग गर्न सकिन्छ।

८. निष्कर्ष

कुमकुम धुप नेपालको महत्त्वपूर्ण जडीबुटी हो जसले धेरै रोगहरूको उपचार गर्न सक्छ। यसको सुगन्धले वातावरण शुद्ध पार्ने, छालाका रोग निको पार्ने, क्यान्सर र श्वासप्रश्वास समस्यामा लाभदायक हुने गुणले यो अत्यन्त उपयोगी छ। यसलाई सही तरिकाले संकलन, प्रयोग र संरक्षण गर्नाले यसको औषधीय गुण कायम राख्न सकिन्छ। त्यसैले, यसको संरक्षण र सतत प्रयोगबाट स्वास्थ्य लाभ लिन सकिन्छ।

Introduction

Kum Kum Dhup, scientifically known as Didymocarpus pedicellatus, is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Gesneriaceae family. Commonly referred to as "Stone Flower" in English, "Shilapushpa" in Sanskrit, and "Pattharphori" in Hindi, this plant holds significant value in traditional medicine systems, particularly Ayurveda. In Nepal, it is locally known as "Kum Kum Dhup" due to its aromatic properties and use as incense.

This plant is renowned for its therapeutic applications, especially in treating renal ailments. Its unique morphological features and medicinal properties have made it a subject of interest among botanists and herbal medicine practitioners.

Availability in Nepal and Other Countries

Didymocarpus pedicellatus is predominantly found in the Himalayan regions, thriving at altitudes ranging from 500 to 2,500 meters. In Nepal, it is commonly located in the mid-hill regions, particularly on rocky terrains and forested areas. The plant prefers moist, shaded environments, often growing on damp rocks and cliffs.

Beyond Nepal, this species is distributed across various parts of the Indian subcontinent, including Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, and Arunachal Pradesh in India. It is also found in Bhutan and parts of Myanmar and Thailand, indicating its adaptability to subtropical and temperate climates.

Physical Properties

Didymocarpus pedicellatus is a small, stemless herb characterized by its distinctive morphological features:

Leaves: The plant bears two to three pairs of opposite, ovate leaves that are glabrous and highly folded. Each leaf measures approximately 3 to 6 inches in diameter. The upper surface is green and smooth, while the lower surface is rough and whitish with small orange-colored dots and prominent veins.
Flowers: During the flowering season, which spans from July to September, the plant produces numerous reddish-purple flowers, each about 2.5 cm long. These flowers are funnel-shaped with five rounded petals and are arranged in clusters at the end of erect flowering stems approximately 20 cm tall.
Rhizomes: The plant possesses short, horizontally creeping rhizomes measuring 0.5 to 3.0 cm in length and 0.3 to 0.8 cm in diameter. These rhizomes are covered with slender, wiry roots and give rise to aerial stems and young leaves.

Medicinal Properties

Didymocarpus pedicellatus has been extensively studied for its pharmacological activities, which include:

Antiurolithiatic Activity: The plant exhibits significant potential in preventing and dissolving kidney stones. Hydro-alcoholic extracts of the whole plant have demonstrated efficacy against calcium oxalate stones in experimental models.
Nephroprotective Activity: Ethanolic extracts of the aerial parts have shown protective effects against renal oxidative stress and nephrotoxicity, attributed to the plant's high polyphenolic content and antioxidant properties.
Spasmolytic Activity: Aqueous extracts and isolated compounds like pedicellin exhibit spasmolytic effects on smooth muscles, indicating potential use in relieving spasms.
Antimicrobial Activity: Essential oils and compounds such as didymocarpin and pedicellin have demonstrated antibacterial and antifungal properties, effective against various pathogens.

Advantages

The therapeutic benefits of Didymocarpus pedicellatus are manifold:

Renal Health: Its antiurolithiatic and nephroprotective properties make it valuable in managing kidney-related disorders.
Digestive Aid: The plant's spasmolytic activity can help alleviate gastrointestinal spasms and discomfort.
Antimicrobial Agent: Its antimicrobial properties contribute to combating infections and maintaining overall health.
Natural Incense: The aromatic nature of the plant makes it suitable for use as incense, promoting a calming environment.

Uses

In traditional medicine, Didymocarpus pedicellatus is employed in various forms:

Treatment of Kidney Stones: The plant is used to prevent and dissolve urinary calculi.
Diuretic: It promotes urine production, aiding in detoxification.
Antispasmodic: Helps relieve muscle spasms, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract.
Antimicrobial: Used to treat infections due to its antibacterial and antifungal properties.
Incense: The dried plant is burned for its pleasant aroma, often in religious or meditative practices.

Using Methods

The plant can be utilized in several ways.

Decoction: Boiling the plant parts in water to extract active compounds, consumed for therapeutic effects.
Paste: Fresh leaves are ground into a paste and applied externally for skin ailments.
Powder: Dried plant material is powdered and taken orally, often mixed with water or honey.
Essential Oil: Extracted oil is used for its antimicrobial and aromatic properties.

Harvesting and Preservation

Harvesting is typically done during the flowering season (July to September) when the plant's active constituents are at their peak. The aerial parts are collected, cleaned, and dried in the shade to preserve their medicinal properties. Proper storage in airtight containers away from moisture and sunlight ensures longevity and efficacy.

Conclusion

Didymocarpus pedicellatus stands out as a valuable medicinal herb with a rich history in traditional medicine. Its diverse therapeutic properties, ranging from renal health support to antimicrobial activity, underscore its significance. With sustainable harvesting and further research, this plant holds promise for broader applications in modern herbal medicine.

Reference

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