Medicinal Plants Of Nepal

Tuesday

Kutha, कुठ, कुष्ठम, Costus Root, Ruta (Am), Saussurea lappa

Kutha,  कुठ, कुष्ठम, Costus Root, Ruta (Am), Saussurea lappa

यो कुठ हिमालय क्षेत्रमा २६०० - ४५०० मिटरसम्म पाइने बहुवर्षीय - फिट अग्लो दृढ बलियो बिरुवा हो यसको पत्ता दन्तुर - फिट लामो त्रिकोणाकार फूल एक अङ्गुल गोलो गुच्छादार गहिरो नीलो रङ, सुगन्धित, फल चौथाइ अङ्गुल लामो, जरा तितो औँलासमान चाम्रो हुन्छ कुठ उष्ण, तिक्त, दीपन, पाचन, उत्तेजक, कफनिस्सारक, मूत्रल, बाजीकर, रसायन ब्रणशोधक, रोपक चर्मरोगनाशक मानिन्छ यसले आमवात, वातजकफज्वर, जलोदर, शिरःशूल, समस्त वात-व्याधि रोगमा तत्काल उपचार गर्छ कुठले श्वासको वेग बढ्ने तमकश्वास रोगमा तत्काल लाभ गर्ने मानिन्छ कफ निकाल्ने फोक्सोलाई शक्ति प्रदान गर्दछ। यसमा क्षाराभ तथा तेल दुवै मिलेर श्वासप्रश्वासमा सन्तुलन व्यवस्थापन गर्दछ हृदयजन्य जलोदरमा फाइदा पुयाउँछ, आमवातमा एरण्ड (अडिर) को तेलमा मिलाएर खानुपर्छ चीनमा कुठले कपाल कालो गराउँछन्। कहिल्यै ठीक नभएको घाउमा कुठ तेललाई यसकै धूलोमा पिसेर लगाउँदा तत्काल लाभ दिन्छ। रसायनका लागि एकचम्चा मह आधाचम्चा घ्यूसँग कुठचूर्ण ग्राम बिहानै खाँदा सदा निरोगी भइन्छ शरीर सुन्निएको पेट बढ्दै गएकोमा कुठ उपयोगी हुन्छ अर्बुद रोगमा यसले अत्यन्त लाभ पुऱ्याउँछ यसको मात्रा : धूलो आधा- एक ग्राम तरलतत्त्व - थोपा दिनमा - पटक स्वाद : तितो केही टर्रो, स्वाभाव शीतल

    परिचय

    कुठ (Saussurea lappa) एक औषधीय बिरुवा हो जुन हिमाली क्षेत्रमा पाइन्छ। यसलाई संस्कृतमा "कुष्ठम" भनिन्छ भने अङ्ग्रेजीमा "Costus Root" वा "Kuth" भनेर चिनिन्छ। यो बिरुवा नेपाल, भारत, चीन, तिब्बत, पाकिस्तान लगायत हिमालयको २,६०० देखि ४,५०० मिटर उचाइसम्म पाइने गर्छ। यसको जरा औषधीय प्रयोजनका लागि प्रयोग गरिन्छ। आयुर्वेद, चिनियाँ चिकित्सा, तिब्बती औषधीमा कुठको विशेष महत्त्व छ। यसले धेरै रोगहरूको उपचार गर्न सक्छ।

    उपलब्धता

    कुठ मुख्यतया नेपालको हिमाली क्षेत्र जस्तै मनाङ, मुस्ताङ, डोल्पा, रासुवा, सिन्धुपाल्चोक लगायतमा पाइन्छ। यस बाहेक यो भारतको उत्तराखण्ड, हिमाचल प्रदेश, जम्मू-कश्मीर, चीनको तिब्बती क्षेत्र, पाकिस्तानको गिलगित-बाल्टिस्तानमा पनि पाइन्छ। यसको खेती नेपाल र भारतका केही क्षेत्रहरूमा गरिन्छ तर जंगली कुठ नै धेरै मूल्यवान मानिन्छ।

    भौतिक गुणहरू

    • कुठको बिरुवा ५-६ फिट अग्लो हुन्छ।
    • यसको पात दन्तुर, ३-४ फिट लामो, त्रिकोणाकार हुन्छ।
    • फूल गहिरो नीलो वा बैजनी रंगको, सुगन्धित र गुच्छामा फुल्ने।
    • जरा मोटो, औंलाजत्रो, चाम्रो र तीतो स्वादको हुन्छ।
    • फल सानो, चौथाइ अंगुल लामो हुन्छ।

    औषधीय गुणहरू

    कुठ आयुर्वेद अनुसार उष्ण, तिक्त, दीपन, पाचक, कफनिस्सारक, मूत्रल, बाजीकर, रसायन, ब्रणशोधक, रोपक र चर्मरोगनाशक गुणले भरपूर छ। यसले निम्न रोगहरूमा असर गर्छ:

    • श्वासप्रश्वास सम्बन्धी रोग: तमकश्वास (अस्थमा), खोकी, फोक्सोको कमजोरीमा लाभदायक।
    • पाचन समस्या: अजीर्ण, पेट फुल्ने, आमवात (गाउट) मा फाइदा गर्छ।
    • चर्मरोग: घाउ, खटिरा, अर्बुद (ट्युमर) लाई नष्ट गर्ने क्षमता छ।
    • हृदय रोग: हृदयजन्य जलोदर (पानी लाग्ने) मा उपयोगी।
    • स्नायु रोग: शरीर सुन्निने, जोर्नी दुख्नेमा फाइदा गर्छ।

    प्रयोग विधि

    1. चूर्ण: कुठको जरा सुकाएर पिँधेर चूर्ण बनाइन्छ। आधा-एक ग्राम चूर्ण मह वा घ्यूसँग मिसाएर खाने।
    2. काढा: जरा पानीमा उमालेर काढा बनाएर २-३ थोपा मात्रामा सेवन गर्न सकिन्छ।
    3. तेल: कुठको तेल घाउमा लगाउन वा मालिश गर्न प्रयोग गरिन्छ।
    4. मह संग: १ ग्राम कुठ चूर्ण, आधा चम्चा मह, घ्यू मिसाएर खाने।

    फाइदा

    • कफ, खोकी, श्वास नलीको रोगमा राम्रो।
    • पेटको गैस, अपच, आमवातमा उपचार गर्छ।
    • चर्मरोग, घाउ, फोडा-फुटाहरूमा लाभदायक।
    • रोग प्रतिरोधक शक्ति बढाउँछ।
    • चिनियाँ चिकित्सामा कपाल कालो पार्न प्रयोग गरिन्छ।

    संग्रह संरक्षण

    • कुठको जरा वर्षायाममा खन्ने र धूपमा सुकाउने।
    • सुकेपछि एयरटाइट कन्टेनरमा राख्नुपर्छ।
    • लामो समय संरक्षण गर्न चिसो, सुख्खा ठाउँमा राख्नुपर्छ।

    निष्कर्ष

    कुठ एक अत्यन्तै गुणकारी औषधीय बिरुवा हो जसले धेरै रोगहरूको उपचार गर्न सक्छ। यसले न केवल श्वासप्रश्वास, पाचन, चर्मरोगमा असर गर्छ, तर यसले शरीरलाई सन्तुलित र निरोगी पनि बनाउँछ। नेपालको हिमाली क्षेत्रमा यसको प्राकृतिक रूपमा उपलब्धता भएकाले यसको व्यावसायिक उत्पादन र संरक्षण गर्नुपर्छ। यसको सही प्रयोगले मानिसहरू धेरै रोगबाट मुक्त हुन सक्छन्।

    1. Introduction

    Kutha (Saussurea lappa, formerly Dolomiaea costus) is a strong plant that grows in the Himalayas. It’s a big, leafy herb whose thick roots are highly valued in traditional medicine. People in Ayurveda, Unani, Tibetan, and Chinese medicine have used the root for centuries. Its name varies: in Nepal it's called “कुठ” (Kutha or Kushta), in Hindi “कुठ”, Sanskrit “Kuṣṭha”, and in English “Costus root” or “Indian Costus”

     

    2. Availability in Nepal and Other Countries

    Nepal (Himalayan Region)

    • Grows naturally at 2600–4500m in Nepal's Himalayas.
    • Also found in parts of Indian Himalaya—Kashmir, Uttarakhand, Himachal—and Pakistan

    Other Countries

    • Native to South Asia and China; India and Pakistan export it commercially
    • China was a major importer of the root and essential oil
    • Listed in CITES Appendix I due to over-harvesting

    Because wild plants are disappearing, efforts are underway to cultivate it more responsibly .

     

    3. Physical Properties

    Plant Description

    • A perennial herb growing up to 5–6 feet (~1–2m) tall
    • Strong, upright stems with large oval-toothed leaves that have a distinctive purple flower head
    • Flowers are purple to dark purple and bloom in mid-summer .

    Root Description

    • The root is thick, long (up to ~60cm), wrinkled with long furrows, and brownish or greyish
    • The inside is darker and aromatic, with a strong scent
    • Taste: bitter and a bit pungent; nature is cooling .

     

    4. Medicinal Properties

    Numerous studies show that Costus root is packed with active compounds, mainly sesquiterpene lactones (like costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone), flavonoids, phenolics, alkaloids, and more

    These compounds offer:

    • Anti-inflammatory
    • Antimicrobial (bacteria and fungi)
    • Anti-ulcer
    • Hepatoprotective (liver-protective)
    • Antioxidant
    • Anticancer
    • Antiviral
    • Bronchodilator (eases breathing)
    • Diuretic (helps urination)
    • Analgesic (pain relief)

    Traditional systems also use it for treating respiratory issues, digestive disorders, arthritis, rheumatism, skin conditions, ulcers, jaundice, and more

     

    5. Advantages (Benefits)

    1. Quick relief for coughs & asthma: Opens breathing passages and eases cough .
    2. Digestive aid: Helps digestion, relieves gas, bloating, and appetite loss, used in dyspepsia and bilious fever
    3. Anti-inflammatory: Helps arthritis, gout, joint pain
    4. Anti-ulcer: Reduces acidity and gastric ulcers .
    5. Liver protector: Might shield liver from toxins
    6. Skin healer: Used for wounds, infections, skin ulcers .
    7. Immunity booster: Stimulates body defense systems .
    8. Hair and beauty: In Chinese tradition used in shampoos to darken hair; also used in cosmetics and perfumes .
    9. Natural pesticide: Essential oils can repel or kill insects

     

    6. Uses

    • Oral consumption: As powders, herbal mixes, teas, decoctions; often combined with honey or ghee for taste and effectiveness .
    • Topical application: Powder mixed with ghee or honey for wound healing or skin disorders .
    • Inhalation: Burning root for smoke inhalation in respiratory problems or for mosquito repellant .
    • Perfumes & cosmetics: Root oil used in luxury perfumery and hair treatments
    • Hair darkener: Traditional Chinese use to promote hair pigmentation .

     

    7. Using Methods

    General dosage and forms (based on traditional uses):

    Form

    Dosage

    Purpose

    Powder + honey/ghee

    0.5–1g, 2–3 times/day

    Digestive, general health

    Decoction/Tea

    1–2 tsp root in water

    Respiratory and digestive aid

    Root with castor oil

    As paste or decoction

    For arthritis, gout

    Put in bath or incense

    Small pieces burned

    Skin, smell, calming

    Topical paste

    Powder + ghee/honey

    Wounds, skin diseases

    Important: Consult a qualified health practitioner. Over-use can cause stomach discomfort or irritation.

     

    8. Harvesting and Preservation

    Harvesting

    • Best done when plant is 3–4 years old, after flowering
    • Roots are dug up carefully, cleaned, and cut into pieces .

    Preservation

    • Roots are dried in shade to preserve active oils and compounds .
    • Store in airtight containers, away from light and moisture to maintain color, smell, and potency.
    • Cultivation efforts help reduce pressure on wild plants and support conservation .

     

    9. Conservation Status

    • Wild populations are “Critically Endangered” on IUCN and CITES Appendix I due to over-harvest .
    • India bans wild collection; cultivation is allowed with permissions .
    • Conservation actions include cultivation, protected-area management, and community training .

     

    10. Conclusion

    Kutha (Saussurea lappa) is more than just a plant—it’s a potent herbal medicine and fragrant root plant treasured in many traditions for its healing and aromatic properties. Found naturally in the high Himalayas and exported worldwide, its root helps respiratory issues, digestion, liver health, skin healing, and more. It also supports wellbeing through immune support, beauty, and even natural pest control.

    However, wild Kutha is nearly gone due to overcollection. That’s why growing it responsibly is essential. When used properly—with respect for its strength and the environment—Kutha offers remarkable health benefits.

    Reference

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