यो १५-२० फिट
अग्लो रूख, सेतो फुल्ने
समशीतोष्ण हावापानीमा पाइन्छ । यसको फूल
खुब बास्ना दिने, फल बाटुलो रातो,
परिचय
तिक्तनिम्बुक
(वैज्ञानिक नाम: Citrus ×
aurantium), जसलाई कीप, खट्गा, बिटर
ओरेन्ज (Bitter orange)
वा सेभिल ओरेन्ज (Seville orange) पनि भनिन्छ, एक
औषधीय गुण भएको सुगन्धित
रूख हो। यो समशीतोष्ण
जलवायुमा उम्रने गर्छ र यसको
फल, फूल, पात, बोक्रा
सबै औषधीय प्रयोजनमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ। यसको फल अत्यन्तै
तीतो स्वाद भएको हुन्छ, जसले
गर्दा यसलाई मीठो सुन्तलाको तुलनामा
फरक मानिन्छ। नेपालमा यो रूख पहाडी
क्षेत्रहरूमा पाइन्छ र आयुर्वेदिक चिकित्सामा
यसको प्रयोग धेरै पुरानो समयदेखि
गरिँदै आएको छ।
नेपाल र अन्य देशहरूमा
उपलब्धता
तिक्तनिम्बुक
नेपालको मध्य पहाडी क्षेत्र
(१०००–२००० मिटर उचाइ)
मा प्राकृतिक रूपमा पाइन्छ। खास गरी काठमाडौं
उपत्यका, पोखरा, स्याङ्जा, पाल्पा, गुल्मी जस्ता जिल्लाहरूमा यो रूख फल्ने
गर्दछ। विश्वभर यो स्पेन (सेभिल
ओरेन्ज), भारत, चीन, इटाली, मेक्सिको,
ब्राजिल लगायतका देशहरूमा पनि पाइन्छ। यसको
खेती व्यावसायिक रूपमा गरिन्छ किनभने यसको फल, फूल,
बोक्रा, तेल आदिबाट विभिन्न
औषधीय, खाद्यान्न, र सुगन्धित पदार्थहरू
बनाइन्छ।
भौतिक गुणहरू
- रूख: यो १५–२० फिट अग्लो हुने गर्छ, डाँठ काँडादार हुन्छ।
- पात: हरिया, चम्किला र साना आकारका हुन्छन्।
- फूल: सेतो वा हल्का गुलाबी रंगका, सुगन्धित हुन्छन्।
- फल: बाटुलो, पाकेपछि रातो वा सुन्तला रंगको हुन्छ। फलभित्र केस्रामा रहेका रेशाहरू धेरै तीतो हुन्छन्।
- बोक्रा: मोटो, खैरो रंगको र सुगन्धित हुन्छ।
औषधीय गुणहरू
तिक्तनिम्बुकमा
निम्न औषधीय गुणहरू पाइन्छन्:
- पाचक: यसले पाचन प्रणालीलाई सुधार गर्छ।
- ज्वरनाशक: यसमा एन्टिभायरल र एन्टिब्याक्टेरियल गुणहरू छन्।
- कलेजो स्वास्थ्य: हेपाटाइटिस (कलेजोको सुन्निने रोग) लाई नियन्त्रण गर्छ।
- रक्तशोधक: रक्तलाई शुद्ध गर्न मद्दत गर्छ।
- सुगन्धित: यसको बोक्राबाट तयार गरिएको अत्तर (तेल) मन शान्त पार्ने गुण राख्छ।
फाइदाहरू
- पेट फुल्ने, अपच, अल्सर जस्ता समस्याहरूमा प्रभावकारी।
- कलेजोको रोग, पित्त विकार, मुटुको स्वास्थ्यका लागि उपयोगी।
- तनाव, निद्राको समस्यामा सुगन्धित तेलले आराम दिन्छ।
- फलको रसले मुटुको गति नियमित गर्न मद्दत गर्छ।
प्रयोग विधि
- बोक्राको चूर्ण: ३–५ ग्राम चूर्ण गरि पानीसँग सेवन गर्नाले पाचन शक्ति बढाउँछ।
- अर्क (Extract): १०–१५ ग्राम अर्क पानीमा मिसाएर पिउनाले कलेजोको रोगमा फाइदा गर्छ।
- अत्तर (तेल): ३–५ थोपा अत्तर नाकमा हल्का सुंघ्नाले तनाव कम हुन्छ।
- फलको रस: २–३ वटा फलको रस दिनमा २–३ पटक पिउनाले पित्त विकार ठीक हुन्छ।
उत्पादन र संरक्षण
- फल सङ्कलन: फल पाकेपछि (सुन्तला रंग आएपछि) तोड्नुपर्छ।
- सुकाउने विधि: बोक्रा, पात र फूलहरू छायामा सुकाउनुपर्छ।
- भण्डारण: सुकेका बोक्रा र पातहरू एयरटाइट कन्टेनरमा राख्नुपर्छ।
- तेल निकाल्ने: बोक्राबाट स्टिम डिस्टिलेसन (भाप द्वारा आसवन) गरेर अत्तर निकालिन्छ।
निष्कर्ष
तिक्तनिम्बुक
एक बहुउपयोगी औषधीय रूख हो जसले
नेपालको पहाडी क्षेत्रमा प्राकृतिक रूपमा पाइन्छ। यसको फल, बोक्रा,
पात, फूल सबै स्वास्थ्यका
लागि फाइदाजनक छन्। यसले पाचन,
कलेजो, मुटु र तनाव
जस्ता समस्याहरू समाधान गर्छ। यसको खेती गरेर
नेपालमा यसको व्यावसायिक उपयोग
गर्न सकिन्छ। त्यसैले यसलाई फैलाउनुपर्छ र यसको उचित
उपयोग गरेर स्वास्थ्य लाभ
लिनुपर्छ।
Introduction
Bitter Orange, known locally in Nepal as Tikta Nimbuk,
कीप, or खट्गा, is a small
evergreen tree that grows up to 15–20 feet tall. It produces fragrant white
flowers and round, reddish fruits. The inner pulp of the fruit is notably
bitter, which is where it gets its name. Though not commonly consumed fresh due
to its sourness, Bitter Orange has been valued for centuries for its medicinal
properties and aromatic qualities.
Availability in Nepal and Other Countries
In Nepal, Bitter Orange thrives in temperate regions with
moderate climates. It's commonly found in hilly areas where the environment
supports its growth. Beyond Nepal, Bitter Orange is cultivated in various parts
of the world:
- Mediterranean
countries: Especially in Spain (notably Seville), where it's used to
make marmalade.
- Southeast
Asia: Its native region, where it's used in traditional medicine.
- United
States: Particularly in California and Florida.
- Caribbean:
For both culinary and medicinal purposes.
Physical Properties
- Tree:
Evergreen, reaching heights of 15–20 feet.
- Leaves:
Glossy, dark green, and aromatic.
- Flowers:
White, fragrant blossoms that bloom in spring.
- Fruit:
Round, reddish-orange with a thick, bumpy rind and bitter pulp.
- Seeds:
Numerous, found within the segmented fruit.
Medicinal Properties
Bitter Orange has been utilized in various traditional
medicine systems:
- Digestive
Aid: The dried peel is used to alleviate indigestion, bloating, and
constipation.
- Appetite
Stimulant: Helps in increasing appetite, especially after illness.
- Respiratory
Relief: The essential oil can aid in relieving nasal congestion and
bronchial issues.
- Skin
Health: Its antibacterial properties make it useful in treating acne
and other skin conditions.
- Weight
Management: Contains synephrine, which may aid in weight loss by
increasing metabolism and suppressing appetite. However, caution is
advised due to potential side effects.
Advantages
- Natural
Remedy: Offers a plant-based alternative to synthetic medications for
certain ailments.
- Aromatic
Uses: The pleasant scent of its flowers and peel is used in perfumes
and aromatherapy.
- Culinary
Applications: Adds unique flavor to dishes and beverages.
- Cultural
Significance: Used in various traditional ceremonies and practices.
Uses
- Culinary:
- Making
marmalade, especially in European countries.
- Flavoring
agents in liqueurs like Triple Sec and Grand Marnier.
- Used
in marinades and sauces for meats.
- Medicinal:
- Infusions
made from dried peel for digestive issues.
- Essential
oils used in aromatherapy for stress relief.
- Cosmetic:
- Incorporated
into skincare products for its antibacterial properties.
- Household:
- Natural
air fresheners and cleaning agents due to its pleasant aroma.
Using Methods
- Infusion:
Steep dried peel in hot water for 10–15 minutes. Consume up to three times
daily.
- Tincture:
Use 2–3 grams, taken three times a day.
- Essential
Oil: Apply a few drops to a diffuser or dilute with a carrier oil for
topical use.
- Culinary:
Incorporate zest or juice into recipes for added flavor.
Note: Always consult with a healthcare professional
before starting any new herbal remedy, especially if you have underlying health
conditions or are on medication.
Harvesting and Preservation
- Harvesting:
- Fruits
are typically harvested when fully ripe, usually in late autumn.
- Flowers
should be picked early in the morning before they fully open.
- Preservation:
- Drying:
Peel and flowers can be sun-dried and stored in airtight containers.
- Essential
Oil Extraction: Distillation methods are used to extract oils from
the peel and flowers.
- Storage:
Keep dried materials in a cool, dark place to maintain potency.
Conclusion
Bitter Orange is a versatile plant with a rich history in both culinary and medicinal traditions. Its unique properties make it valuable for various applications, from aiding digestion to enhancing flavors in cooking. While it offers numerous benefits, it's essential to use it responsibly and consult professionals when incorporating it into health routines. Cultivating and utilizing Bitter Orange can provide both health benefits and economic opportunities, especially in regions like Nepal where the plant naturally thrives.
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