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Kaaju, काजु, अग्निकृत, Cashewnut Tree, Anacardium occidentale,

Kaaju, काजु, अग्निकृत, Cashewnut Tree, Anacardium occidentale,

 

यो मझौला रूख, पहेँलो फुल्ने गर्मी क्षेत्रमा राम्रोसँग खेती हुन्छ कटहरको समान पात, रातोपनको

    चोप निस्किरहन्छ यसको सेतो फल मीठो, गरम, पौष्टिक, बल्य, कामोद्दीपक, रक्तवर्द्धक

    मोटोपन बढाउने मानिन्छ यसले स्मरणशक्ति बढाउँछ, कमजोरी - दुब्लोलाई बल भर्छ, पेटमा पानी भरिने रोगमा लाभ दिन्छ, पेट आन्द्रामा जमेर बसेको विषजनित पदार्थ निष्कासन गर्छ यसको बोक्रामा रहेको तेलले चर्मरोगमा फाइदा गर्छ किन्तु सावधानीसँग लगाउनुपर्छ

      परिचय

    काजु एक मझौला आकारको रूख हो जुन गर्मी प्रधान क्षेत्रमा राम्रोसँग फस्टाउँछ। यसको वैज्ञानिक नाम Anacardium occidentale हो। यो रूख मुख्यतया यसको स्वादिष्ट पौष्टिक गुण भएका काजुका दानाका लागि प्रसिद्ध छ। काजुको फल सेतो मीठो हुन्छ भने यसको बीउ (काजु दाना) विभिन्न खाद्य पदार्थहरूमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ। नेपाली भाषामा यसलाई अग्निकृत पनि भनिन्छ। यो रूखको पात कटहरको पातजस्तै हुन्छ यसको बोक्राबाट रातोपनको चोप निस्कन्छ।

      नेपाल अन्य देशहरूमा उपलब्धता

    काजुको रूख मुख्यतया उष्ण उपोष्ण क्षेत्रहरूमा पाइन्छ। नेपालको तराई भित्री मधेशको गर्म जलवायु भएका क्षेत्रहरूमा यसको खेती गरिन्छ। विश्वभर यो भारत, ब्राजिल, भियतनाम, इन्डोनेसिया, अफ्रिका मध्य अमेरिकामा धेरै पाइन्छ। भारत ब्राजिल काजु उत्पादनमा अग्रणी देशहरू हुन्।

      भौतिक गुणहरू

    • रूख: मझौला आकारको, १०१२ मिटर अग्लो।
    • पात: कटहरको पातजस्तै लामा चिल्लो।
    • फूल: पहेँलो सानो, गुच्छामा फुल्छ।
    • फल: सेतो, मसिनो, मीठो स्वाद भएको।
    • बीउ (काजु दाना): खान योग्य, पौष्टिक, तेलयुक्त।
    • बोक्रा: रातोपनको चोप निस्कने, औषधीय गुण भएको।

      औषधीय गुणहरू

    काजुको फल, बीउ बोक्रामा धेरै औषधीय गुणहरू पाइन्छन्:

    • पौष्टिक: प्रोटीन, विटामिन, मिनरल स्वस्थ तेलहरूले भरपूर।
    • बलवर्द्धक: शारीरिक कमजोरी हटाउँछ, मांसपेशी बलियो बनाउँछ।
    • रक्तवर्द्धक: रक्तशुद्धि गर्छ, एनिमियामा फाइदा गर्छ।
    • कामोद्दीपक: यौन शक्ति बढाउँछ।
    • पाचनशक्ति: पेटको गडबडी, आन्द्राको समस्या विषाक्त पदार्थ हटाउँछ।
    • चर्मरोग: बोक्राको तेलले खटिरा, दाद लगायतका चर्मरोग निको पार्छ (सावधानीपूर्वक प्रयोग गर्नुपर्छ)

      फाइदा उपयोगिता

    • खाद्यको रूपमा: काजु दाना सुके मेवाको रूपमा खाने, दूध, लड्डु, हलुवा अन्य मिठाईमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ।
    • आयुर्वेदिक उपचार: शारीरिक कमजोरी, यौन दुर्बलता, पेटको रोगमा प्रयोग।
    • ब्यावसायिक उपयोग: काजुको तेल, काजु बटर, रंग औषधि निर्माणमा प्रयोग।
    • पशुचार्य: पात फलहरू पशुहरूलाई खुवाइन्छ।

      प्रयोग विधि

    • काजु दाना: भुटेर वा कच्चै नाश्ताको रूपमा खाने।
    • तेल: बोक्राबाट निकालिएको तेल चर्मरोगमा लगाउने (डाक्टरको सल्लाह अनुसार)
    • काढा: पात वा बोक्राको काढा पेट रोगमा पिउने।
    • पाउडर: पिसेर दूध वा हलुवामा मिसाउने।

      उत्पादन, संग्रह संरक्षण

    • बुवाई/रोपाई: गर्मी युक्त मौसममा गरिन्छ।
    • फल्ने समय:  वर्षपछि फल्न थाल्छ।
    • फल संग्रह: पाकेपछि टिप्ने, बीउ अलग गर्ने।
    • संरक्षण: काजु दानालाई सुकाएर एयरटाइट कन्टेनरमा राख्ने।

      निष्कर्ष

    काजु एक बहुउपयोगी रूख हो जसले स्वास्थ्य, पोषण आर्थिक लाभ दिन्छ। यसको फल, बीउ बोक्रा सबै औषधीय गुणले भरपूर छन्। नेपालको तराई गर्म क्षेत्रहरूमा यसको खेती गरेर राम्रो आम्दानी गर्न सकिन्छ। यसले शारीरिक शक्ति, पाचन त्वचाको स्वास्थ्यमा ठूलो योगदान दिन्छ। तर, यसको बोक्राको तेल प्रयोग गर्दा सावधानी अपनाउनुपर्छ किनभने यसले चमडालाई पनि नराम्रो असर गर्न सक्छ। उचित जानकारी उपयोग विधि अपनाएर काजुबाट धेरै फाइदा लिन सकिन्छ।

    Cashew trees, known scientifically as Anacardium occidentale, are medium-sized evergreens native to northeastern Brazil. They are widely cultivated in tropical regions for their nuts and apples. In Nepal, cashew trees are primarily grown in the warmer southern regions, such as the Terai belt, where the climate is suitable for their growth. Globally, they are also found in countries like India, Vietnam, Nigeria, and Ivory Coast, which are among the top producers of cashew nuts

    Physically, the cashew tree has broad, leathery leaves similar to those of the jackfruit tree. It produces small, fragrant, yellow flowers that develop into the cashew apple—a fleshy, pear-shaped structure—and the cashew nut, which hangs beneath the apple. When the tree is injured, it exudes a reddish resin.​

    Medicinally, various parts of the cashew tree offer numerous health benefits. The cashew apple is rich in vitamin C and has antioxidant properties. The nuts are nutritious, providing energy and supporting physical and emotional well-being. They contain proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and healthy fats. Cashew nuts have been associated with reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases, high blood pressure, and certain cancers. The leaves and bark possess antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory properties, making them useful in treating skin conditions and digestive issues.​

    The advantages of incorporating cashew products into one's diet include improved heart health, enhanced memory, and increased energy levels. Cashew nuts can aid in weight management when consumed in moderation due to their protein and fiber content. The antioxidants present in cashew apples and nuts help combat oxidative stress, contributing to overall health and potentially slowing the aging process.​

    Cashew nuts are commonly consumed roasted or used in cooking and baking. Cashew apples can be eaten fresh or processed into juices, jams, and alcoholic beverages. In traditional medicine, extracts from the leaves and bark are applied topically to treat skin ailments or consumed to address gastrointestinal issues.​

    To use cashew nuts, they should be roasted to remove any residual shell oil, which can be irritating to the skin. Cashew apples should be washed thoroughly before consumption or processing. When using cashew leaf or bark extracts, it's essential to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the appropriate preparation and dosage.​

    Harvesting of cashew nuts typically occurs when the cashew apples fall to the ground, indicating ripeness. The nuts are then separated from the apples, dried, and roasted. Proper drying and storage are crucial to prevent mold growth and ensure the nuts' longevity. Cashew apples are highly perishable and should be consumed or processed shortly after harvesting.​

    In conclusion, the cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale) is a valuable plant offering a range of nutritional and medicinal benefits. Its nuts and apples are rich in essential nutrients and bioactive compounds that support overall health. Proper cultivation, harvesting, and processing methods are vital to maximize the advantages this remarkable tree provides.

     

    Reference

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