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यो ३०-४० फिट
अग्लो १०००-२४०० मिटरमा
पाइन्छ । यसको फलभित्रको
गेडा रातो हुन्छ ।
यसको फलले आउँ-पखाला
सन्चो गर्छ । यसको
बोक्राले जोर्नीवाथ, गानोगोला, अपच, हैजा, सुन्निएको
सन्चो पार्छ । मात्रा : ३-५ ग्राम, अर्क
: १०-१५ ग्राम, भस्म
: १-२ ग्राम २-३ पटक ।
यसको काँढापानी १/१ गिलास
सबै भाग पिउनाले छिटो
लाभ पुग्छ ।
१. परिचय
कानुम्पा
(वैज्ञानिक नाम: Tetradium
fraxinifolium) नेपालको
पहाडी तथा हिमाली क्षेत्रमा
पाइने एक औषधीय रूख
हो। यसलाई स्थानीय भाषामा बकुम्बा, Beach आदि नामले पनि
चिनिन्छ। यो रूख ३०–४० फिट अग्लो
हुने गर्छ र यसको
फलभित्रको गेडा रातो हुन्छ।
यसको बोक्रा, पात, फल आदि
विभिन्न रोगहरूको उपचारमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ। नेपाली पारम्परिक चिकित्सामा यसको महत्त्वपूर्ण स्थान
छ।
२. उपलब्धता
नेपालमा
कानुम्पा
नेपालको १०००–२४०० मिटर
उचाइमा पाइने गर्छ। विशेष गरी मध्य पहाडी
क्षेत्र, अन्नपूर्ण संरक्षण क्षेत्र, लङटाङ, रसुवा, सिन्धुपाल्चोक, दोलखा, काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक जस्ता जिल्लाहरूमा यो रूख प्रशस्त
मात्रामा पाइन्छ।
अन्य देशहरूमा
यो रूख भारत (हिमाचल
प्रदेश, उत्तराखण्ड, सिक्किम), भूटान, चीन (तिब्बत), म्यानमार
लगायतका हिमाली क्षेत्रहरूमा पनि पाइन्छ।
३.
शारीरिक गुणहरू
- उचाई: ३०–४० फिट
- छाला (बोक्रा): खैरो-सेतो, खस्रा छाला हुने
- पात: साना, फूल्ने प्रकारका
- फूल: सेतो वा हल्का पहेँला, साना गुच्छामा फुल्ने
- फल: साना गोलाकार, पाकेपछि रातो गेडा हुने
- बोक्रा: कडा, औषधीय गुणयुक्त
४.
औषधीय गुणहरू
कानुम्पाको
बोक्रा, पात, फल आदिमा
निम्न औषधीय गुणहरू पाइन्छन्:
- ज्वरनाशक (Antipyretic): आउँ-पखाला, ज्वरो घटाउँछ।
- पाचक (Digestive): अपच, गानोगोला, पेट दुखाइमा फाइदा गर्छ।
- रोगप्रतिरोधक
(Antimicrobial): हैजा,
आन्द्राका संक्रमणहरूमा प्रभावकारी।
- दुखाई नाशक (Analgesic): जोर्नी दुखाइ, सुन्निने समस्यामा लाभदायक।
- रक्तशोधक (Blood
Purifier): रक्तस्राव,
घाउको उपचारमा प्रयोग हुन्छ।
५.
फाइदाहरू
- आउँ, पखाला, ज्वरोको उपचार गर्छ।
- जोर्नी दुखाइ, गानोगोला, पेट फुल्ने समस्यामा आराम दिन्छ।
- हैजा, विषाक्त भोजनले गर्दा हुने असर हटाउँछ।
- सुन्निने, घाउ, चोटको उपचारमा प्रयोग हुन्छ।
- शरीरको रोगप्रतिरोधक क्षमता बढाउँछ।
६.
प्रयोग विधि
१.
बोक्राको काढा
- बोक्रा ३–५ ग्राम पानीमा उमालेर काढा बनाउने।
- दिनमा २–३ पटक १–२ ग्राम मात्रामा सेवन गर्नाले ज्वरो, पखाला, पेट दुखाइमा फाइदा गर्छ।
२.
फलको प्रयोग
- फलको गेडा सुकाएर पिँधेर १–२ ग्राम खानाले आउँ-पखाला नियन्त्रण हुन्छ।
३.
अर्क (Extract)
- १०–१५ ग्राम अर्क दिनमा २ पटक सेवन गर्नाले छिटो स्वास्थ्य लाभ हुन्छ।
४.
भस्म (Ash)
- बोक्रा जलाएर बनाइएको भस्म १–२ ग्राम मात्रामा प्रयोग गर्न सकिन्छ।
७.
उत्पादन र संरक्षण
- हरभर्स्टिङ (कटाई): बोक्रा वर्षायाममा काट्न उपयुक्त हुन्छ। फल पाकेपछि (शरद ऋतुमा) सङ्कलन गर्नुपर्छ।
- संरक्षण: बोक्रा र फलहरू छायामा सुकाएर एयरटाइट कन्टेनरमा राख्नुपर्छ।
८. निष्कर्ष
कानुम्पा
(Tetradium fraxinifolium) नेपालको
महत्त्वपूर्ण जडीबुटी हो जसले विभिन्न
रोगहरूको उपचार गर्न मद्दत गर्छ।
यसको बोक्रा, फल, पात आदि
पारम्परिक रूपमा औषधीको रूपमा प्रयोग हुन्छन्। यसको उचित प्रयोगले
स्वास्थ्य लाभ प्राप्त गर्न
सकिन्छ तर मात्रा र
प्रयोग विधिको सही ज्ञान आवश्यक
छ। नेपालका पहाडी क्षेत्रहरूमा यसको संरक्षण र
सतत उपयोग गर्ने प्रयास गर्नुपर्छ।
Tetradium fraxinifolium, commonly known as Kanumpaa, कानुम्पा, बकुम्बा, or Beach, is a
deciduous tree belonging to the Rutaceae family. This species is indigenous to
the eastern Himalayas and is recognized for its medicinal properties and
various applications.
Introduction
Tetradium fraxinifolium is a medium-sized deciduous tree
that can reach heights of up to 12 meters (approximately 40 feet). It thrives
in second-growth forests at elevations ranging from 1,200 to 2,100 meters. The
tree is characterized by its compound leaves, greenish flowers, and distinctive
red fruits.
Availability in Nepal and Other Countries
In Nepal, Tetradium fraxinifolium is commonly found in the
mid-hill regions, flourishing at altitudes between 1,000 and 2,400 meters. Its
presence extends to neighboring countries such as Bhutan, where it grows in
subtropical forest slopes. The species is also distributed across other parts
of the eastern Himalayas, contributing to the region's biodiversity.
Physical Properties
The tree exhibits the following physical characteristics:
- Height:
Typically grows between 10 to 12 meters
- Leaves:
Compound, measuring 25-60 cm in length, with 2-7 pairs of ovate-elliptic
leaflets that are 10-25 cm long and 3.5-8.5 cm wide. The leaflets have an
asymmetrically rounded base and a crenulate margin.
- Flowers:
Greenish, usually 4-merous, with petals measuring 3.5-6.5 mm. They are
arranged in terminal corymbs.
- Fruits:
Mostly 4-carpellate, forming a 4-lobed follicle about 10 mm across. The
seeds are subtrigonous, approximately 4 mm in size, and black in color.
Medicinal Properties
Tetradium fraxinifolium has been traditionally used for its
medicinal benefits:
- Antipyretic:
The plant is known to reduce fever
- Digestive
Aid: The fruit is utilized in treating dysentery, a condition
characterized by severe diarrhea
Advantages
The advantages of using Tetradium fraxinifolium include:
- Natural
Remedy: Offers a plant-based alternative for managing fever and
digestive issues.
- Culinary
Uses: The fruit and seeds can enhance the flavor of various dishes.
- Economic
Potential: The tree provides resources such as aromatic oils and wood,
contributing to local economies.
Uses
Beyond its medicinal applications, Tetradium fraxinifolium
serves several purposes:
- Culinary:
The red fruits are used in chutneys, while the seeds add flavor to lentil
soups, pickles, vegetables, and curries.
- Aromatic
Oil: An oil extracted from the fruit is utilized in perfumery
- Lighting:
Oil from the seeds can be used for lighting purposes.
- Construction:
The wood is employed in building and construction activities
Using Methods
For medicinal purposes, the following methods are
traditionally recommended:
- Dosage
Forms:
- Powder:
3-5 grams.
- Extract:
10-15 grams.
- Ash:
1-2 grams.
- Administration:
These doses are typically taken 2-3 times a day. Additionally, consuming a
glass of decoction made from the tree's bark can provide quick relief.
Harvesting and Preservation
To ensure the potency and quality of Tetradium
fraxinifolium's medicinal components, proper harvesting and preservation
techniques are essential:
- Timing:
Harvest fruits when they mature and attain a red hue.
- Method:
Carefully collect the fruits to avoid damage.
- Drying:
Sun-dry the harvested fruits for several days until they are thoroughly
dried.
- Storage:
Store the dried fruits and seeds in airtight containers placed in a cool,
dark environment to maintain their efficacy.
Conclusion
Tetradium fraxinifolium, or Kanumpaa, is a versatile tree
native to the eastern Himalayas, offering a range of medicinal, culinary, and
economic benefits. Its traditional uses in treating fever and digestive
ailments, along with its applications in cooking and industry, underscore its
significance. By adopting sustainable harvesting and preservation practices, we
can ensure the continued availability and effectiveness of this valuable
natural resource.
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